[Zachidziwikire]Pakadali pano, zida zobzala m'nyumba nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe ophatikizika, omwe amabweretsa zovuta zambiri pakuyenda ndikutsitsa ndikutsitsa.Kutengera mawonekedwe a malo okhala anthu okhala m'matauni komanso cholinga chopangira banja, nkhaniyi ikupereka mtundu watsopano wamapangidwe opangira zida zobzala mabanja.Chipangizocho chili ndi magawo anayi: njira yothandizira, njira yolima, madzi ndi feteleza, ndi njira yowonjezera kuwala (makamaka, kuwala kwa LED).Ili ndi phazi laling'ono, kugwiritsa ntchito malo okwera, kapangidwe kake, disassembly yabwino ndi msonkhano, mtengo wotsika, komanso kuthekera kolimba.Ikhoza kukwaniritsa zosowa za anthu akumidzi za letesi ya udzu winawake, masamba ofulumira, kabichi wopatsa thanzi ndi begonia fimbristipula.Pambuyo posinthidwa pang'ono, itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pofufuza kafukufuku wa sayansi ya zomera

Mapangidwe Pathunthu a Zida Zolima

Mfundo Zopangira

Chipangizo cholimirira chopangiratu chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kwa anthu okhala m'matauni.Gululo linafufuza bwinobwino makhalidwe a malo okhala anthu okhala mumzinda.Malowa ndi ang'onoang'ono ndipo kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa malo ndikokwera;kapangidwe kake ndi katsopano komanso kokongola;ndizosavuta kusokoneza ndikusonkhanitsa, zosavuta komanso zosavuta kuphunzira;ili ndi mtengo wotsika komanso kuthekera kolimba.Mfundo zinayizi zimadutsa muzojambula zonse, ndikuyesetsa kukwaniritsa cholinga chachikulu chogwirizana ndi malo a pakhomo, mawonekedwe okongola ndi abwino, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama komanso zothandiza.

Zipangizo zoti zigwiritsidwe ntchito

Chothandiziracho chimagulidwa kuchokera kumsika wamashelufu ambiri, kutalika kwa 1.5 m, 0.6 m m'lifupi, ndi 2.0 m kutalika.Zinthuzo ndi zitsulo, zopoperapo komanso zowonongeka ndi dzimbiri, ndipo ngodya zinayi za chimango chothandizira zimawotchedwa ndi mawilo ophwanyidwa;mbale ya nthiti imasankhidwa kuti ilimbikitse chothandizira chimango chosanjikiza mbale chomwe chimapangidwa ndi 2 mm wandiweyani wachitsulo chopangira mankhwala odana ndi dzimbiri, zidutswa ziwiri pagawo lililonse.Khomo lolima limapangidwa ndi kapu ya PVC hydroponic square chubu, 10 cm × 10 cm.Zinthuzo ndi gulu lolimba la PVC, lokhala ndi makulidwe a 2.4 mm.M'mimba mwake mabowo olima ndi 5 cm, ndipo m'malo mwa mabowo odzala ndi 10 cm.Tanki yothetsera michere kapena thanki yamadzi imapangidwa ndi bokosi lapulasitiki lokhala ndi makulidwe a 7 mm, kutalika kwa 120 cm, m'lifupi mwake 50 cm, ndi kutalika kwa 28 cm.

Kapangidwe ka Chida Chokulitsa

Malinga ndi dongosolo lonse la kamangidwe, chipangizo cholimirako mabanja chimakhala ndi magawo anayi: njira yothandizira, kulima, njira yamadzi ndi feteleza, ndi njira yowonjezeramo kuwala (makamaka, nyali zokulira za LED).Kugawidwa mu dongosolo kukuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 1.

Chithunzi 1, kugawa mu dongosolo kukuwonetsedwa mu.

Kupanga dongosolo lothandizira

Dongosolo lothandizira la chipangizo chopangira kulima banja limapangidwa ndi mlongoti wowongoka, mtengo ndi mbale wosanjikiza.Mlongoti ndi mtengowo zimalowetsedwa kudzera pa bowo la agulugufe, lomwe ndi losavuta kuligawa ndi kusonkhanitsidwa.Mtengowo uli ndi mbale yowonjezeredwa ya nthiti.Ngodya zinayi za chimango cha kulima ndi zowotcherera ndi mawilo a chilengedwe chonse ndi mabuleki kuti awonjezere kusinthasintha kwa kayendedwe ka chipangizo cholima.

Kulima dongosolo dongosolo

Tanki yolima ndi 10 cm × 10 cm hydroponic square chubu yokhala ndi chivundikiro chotseguka, chomwe ndi chosavuta kuyeretsa, ndipo chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kulima njira yazakudya, kulima gawo lapansi kapena kulima nthaka.Mu ulimi wothira mchere, dengu lobzala limayikidwa mu dzenje, ndipo mbande zimakhazikika ndi siponji yofananira.Pamene gawo lapansi kapena dothi likulimidwa, siponji kapena gauze amathiridwa m'mabowo olumikizirana kumapeto kwa bowo kuti aletse gawo lapansi kapena dothi kuti lisatseke ngalande.Malekezero awiri a thanki yolima amalumikizidwa ndi kayendedwe ka mphira ndi payipi ya mphira yokhala ndi mainchesi 30 mm, yomwe imapewa bwino zofooka za kulimba kwamapangidwe zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi PVC guluu chomangira, chomwe sichithandiza kuyenda.

Kapangidwe ka Madzi ndi Feteleza Kayendetsedwe ka Magetsi

Polima njira yothetsera michere, gwiritsani ntchito mpope wosinthika kuti muwonjezere yankho la michere ku thanki yolima yamtunda wapamwamba, ndikuwongolera njira yolowera njira yazakudya kudzera papulagi yamkati ya chitoliro cha PVC.Pofuna kupewa kusagwirizana kwa njira yothetsera michere, njira yothetsera michere mu thanki yolima yomwe imakhala yosanjikiza imagwiritsa ntchito njira yoyendera "S-shaped" yosagwirizana.Pofuna kuonjezera mpweya wa okosijeni wa mchere, pamene gawo lotsika kwambiri la michere limatuluka, kusiyana kwina kumapangidwa pakati pa madzi otulutsira madzi ndi madzi amadzimadzi a m'thanki yamadzi.Mu gawo lapansi kapena kulima nthaka, thanki yamadzi imayikidwa pamwamba, ndipo kuthirira ndi feteleza kumachitika kudzera mu njira yothirira madzi.Chitoliro chachikulu ndi chitoliro chakuda cha PE chokhala ndi mainchesi 32 mm ndi makulidwe a khoma la 2.0 mm, ndipo chitoliro chanthambi ndi chitoliro chakuda cha PE chokhala ndi mainchesi 16 mm ndi makulidwe a khoma la 1.2 mm.Chitoliro chilichonse chanthambi Ikani valavu kuti muzilamulira payekha.Muvi wodontha umagwiritsa ntchito chodonthozera chowongolera cholipiridwa chowongoka, 2 pa bowo, choyikidwa muzu wa mbande mu dzenje lolima.Madzi owonjezera amasonkhanitsidwa kudzera mu ngalande, amasefedwa ndikugwiritsidwanso ntchito.

Light Supplement System

Chida cholima chikagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga khonde, kuwala kwachilengedwe kochokera pakhonde kungagwiritsidwe ntchito popanda kuwala kowonjezera kapena kuwala kochepa kowonjezera.Polima m'chipinda chochezera, ndikofunikira kuchita zowunikira zowonjezera.Chowunikira ndi 1.2 m kutalika kwa LED kukula, ndipo nthawi yowunikira imayendetsedwa ndi chowerengera chodziwikiratu.Nthawi yowunikira imayikidwa ku 14 h, ndipo nthawi yowunikira yosawonjezera ndi 10 h.Pali 4 nyali za LED mu gawo lililonse, zomwe zimayikidwa pansi pa wosanjikiza.Machubu anayi omwe ali pamndandanda womwewo amalumikizidwa mndandanda, ndipo zigawozo zimalumikizidwa mofanana.Malinga ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana zowunikira za zomera zosiyanasiyana, kuwala kwa LED kokhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana kumatha kusankhidwa.

Kusonkhanitsa Chipangizo

Chida chopangira kulima kunyumba ndi chophweka (Chithunzi 2) ndipo ndondomeko yosonkhanitsa ndi yosavuta.Mu sitepe yoyamba, mutatha kudziwa kutalika kwa wosanjikiza uliwonse malinga ndi kutalika kwa mbewu zomwe zabzalidwa, ikani mtengowo mu dzenje lagulugufe la mtengo wowongoka kuti mupange mafupa a chipangizocho;mu sitepe yachiwiri, konzani LED kukula kuwala chubu pa nthiti kulimbikitsa kumbuyo kwa wosanjikiza, ndipo ikani wosanjikiza mu mphika wamkati wa crossbeam chimango kulima;sitepe yachitatu, kulima mophikira ndi madzi ndi fetereza kufalitsidwa dongosolo amalumikizidwa ndi payipi labala;sitepe yachinayi, ikani chubu cha LED, ikani chowerengera chodziwikiratu, ndikuyika tanki yamadzi;Gawo lachisanu la ndondomeko yowonongeka, onjezerani madzi ku thanki yamadzi Pambuyo pokonza mutu wa mpope ndi kutuluka, yang'anani kayendedwe ka madzi ndi feteleza ndi kugwirizana kwa thanki yolima kuti madzi atayike, kuyatsa ndikuyang'ana kugwirizana kwa magetsi a LED ndikugwira ntchito. Mkhalidwe wa chowerengera chodziwikiratu.

Chithunzi 2, kapangidwe kake kachipangizo kolimirako

Ntchito ndi Kuunika

Kulima Ntchito

Mu 2019, chipangizochi chidzagwiritsidwa ntchito polima masamba ang'onoang'ono amkati monga letesi, kabichi waku China, ndi udzu winawake (Chithunzi 3).Mu 2020, pamaziko a mwachidule zomwe zachitika m'mbuyomu kulima, gulu la polojekitiyo linapanga kulima organic gawo lapansi chakudya ndi mankhwala homologous masamba ndi michere njira kulima luso Begonia fimbristipula hance, amene analemeretsa kunyumba ntchito zitsanzo za chipangizo.M'zaka ziwiri zapitazi za kulima ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, letesi ndi masamba othamanga amatha kukolola patatha masiku 25 mutalima pa kutentha kwa mkati mwa 20-25 ℃;udzu winawake uyenera kukula kwa masiku 35-40;Begonia fimbristipula Hance ndi kabichi waku China ndi mbewu zosatha zomwe zimatha kukololedwa kangapo;Begonia fimbristipula imatha kukolola tsinde ndi masamba apamwamba a 10 cm mkati mwa masiku 35, ndipo tsinde ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono amatha kukolola pakadutsa masiku 45 kuti amere kabichi.Mukakolola, zokolola za letesi ndi kabichi waku China ndi 100 ~ 150 g pa chomera;zokolola za udzu winawake woyera ndi udzu winawake wofiira pa chomera ndi 100 ~ 120 g;zokolola za Begonia fimbristipula Hance mu zokolola zoyamba ndizochepa, 20-30 g pa chomera, ndipo ndi kumera kosalekeza kwa nthambi zam'mbali, zikhoza kukolola kachiwiri, ndi nthawi ya masiku 15 ndi zokolola za 60- 80 g pa chomera;zokolola za dzenje lazakudya zopatsa thanzi ndi 50-80 g, zimakololedwa kamodzi pamasiku 25 aliwonse, ndipo zimatha kukolola mosalekeza.

Chithunzi 3, Kupanga kachipangizo kachipangizo kolimirako

Kugwiritsa Ntchito

Pambuyo pa chaka chopitilira kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, chipangizochi chikhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mokwanira malo atatu a chipinda chopangira zokolola zazing'ono zamitundu yosiyanasiyana.Ntchito zake zotsitsa ndikutsitsa ndizosavuta komanso zosavuta kuphunzira, ndipo palibe maphunziro aukadaulo omwe amafunikira.Mwa kusintha kukweza ndi kutuluka kwa mpope wa madzi, vuto la kuyenda mopitirira muyeso ndi kusefukira kwa njira yothetsera michere mu thanki yolima lingapewedwe.Mapangidwe a chivundikiro chotseguka cha thanki yolima sikophweka kokha kuyeretsa pambuyo pa kugwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso kosavuta kusintha pamene zipangizo zawonongeka.Tanki yolima imalumikizidwa ndi payipi ya mphira yamadzi ndi feteleza yozungulira, yomwe imazindikira kapangidwe ka tanki yolima komanso njira yoyendetsera madzi ndi feteleza, ndikupewa kuipa kwa kapangidwe kameneka mu chipangizo chachikhalidwe cha hydroponic.Kuphatikiza apo, chipangizochi chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza zasayansi pansi pa kutentha kokhazikika komanso chinyezi chowonjezera pakupanga mbewu zapakhomo.Sikuti amangopulumutsa malo oyesera, komanso amakwaniritsa zofunikira za malo opangira, makamaka kusasinthasintha kwa chilengedwe cha kukula kwa mizu.Pambuyo pakusintha kosavuta, chipangizo cholima chimathanso kukwaniritsa zofunikira za njira zosiyanasiyana zochiritsira za chilengedwe cha rhizosphere, ndipo chakhala chikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyesera zasayansi ya zomera.

Gwero lankhani: Wechat account yaAgricultural Engineering Technology (greenhouse horticulture) 

Zambiri: Wang Fei,Wang Changyi,Shi Jingxuan,et al.Kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida zolimiratu m'nyumba[J].Agricultural Engineering Technology,2021,41(16):12-15.