[Chidule] Pakadali pano, zipangizo zobzalira kunyumba nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi kapangidwe kogwirizana, komwe kumabweretsa zovuta zambiri pakuyenda, kukweza ndi kutsitsa. Kutengera mawonekedwe a malo okhala a okhala m'mizinda komanso cholinga chopangira zomera zabanja, nkhaniyi ikupereka mtundu watsopano wa kapangidwe ka chipangizo chobzalira banja chokonzedwa kale. Chipangizochi chili ndi magawo anayi: njira yothandizira, njira yolima, njira yamadzi ndi feteleza, ndi njira yowonjezera kuwala (makamaka, magetsi okulira a LED). Chili ndi malo ochepa, kugwiritsa ntchito malo ambiri, kapangidwe katsopano, kusokoneza ndi kusonkhanitsa mosavuta, mtengo wotsika, komanso kuthekera kwamphamvu. Chikhoza kukwaniritsa zosowa za okhala m'mizinda zokhudzana ndi letesi ya udzu winawake, ndiwo zamasamba zofulumira, kabichi wopatsa thanzi ndi begonia fimbristipula. Pambuyo posintha pang'ono, chingagwiritsidwenso ntchito pofufuza zasayansi za zomera.

Kapangidwe Konse ka Zipangizo Zolima

Mfundo Zopangira

Chipangizo cholimirira chomwe chakonzedwa kale chimayang'ana kwambiri anthu okhala m'mizinda. Gululo linafufuza mokwanira za makhalidwe a malo okhala anthu okhala m'mizinda. Malowa ndi ang'onoang'ono ndipo kuchuluka kwa malo ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kwakukulu; kapangidwe kake ndi katsopano komanso kokongola; ndikosavuta kusokoneza ndi kusonkhanitsa, kosavuta kuphunzira; kali ndi mtengo wotsika komanso kogwira ntchito bwino. Mfundo zinayi izi zimagwira ntchito yonse yokonza, ndipo zimayesetsa kukwaniritsa cholinga chachikulu chogwirizana ndi malo okhala m'nyumba, kapangidwe kokongola komanso koyenera, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zochepa komanso kothandiza.

Zipangizo zogwiritsidwa ntchito

Chimango chothandizira chimagulidwa kuchokera ku zinthu za shelufu zamsika zomwe zimakhala ndi zigawo zambiri, kutalika kwa 1.5 m, m'lifupi mwa 0.6 m, ndi kutalika kwa 2.0 m. Zipangizozo ndi zachitsulo, zopopera komanso zotetezedwa ku dzimbiri, ndipo ngodya zinayi za chimango chothandizira zimalumikizidwa ndi mawilo a brake universal; mbale yokhala ndi ribbed imasankhidwa kuti ilimbikitse mbale yothandizira yomwe imapangidwa ndi mbale yachitsulo yokhuthala ya 2 mm yokhala ndi mankhwala oletsa dzimbiri a spray-plastic, zidutswa ziwiri pa gawo lililonse. Malo olima amapangidwa ndi chubu cha PVC hydroponic square, 10 cm × 10 cm. Zipangizozo ndi bolodi lolimba la PVC, lokhala ndi makulidwe a 2.4 mm. M'mimba mwake mwa mabowo olima ndi 5 cm, ndipo malo olima ndi 10 cm. Thanki yothetsera michere kapena thanki yamadzi imapangidwa ndi bokosi la pulasitiki lokhala ndi makulidwe a khoma la 7 mm, lokhala ndi kutalika kwa 120 cm, m'lifupi mwa 50 cm, ndi kutalika kwa 28 cm.

Kapangidwe ka Kapangidwe ka Zipangizo Zolima

Malinga ndi dongosolo lonse la kapangidwe kake, chipangizo cholimitsira cha banja chomwe chakonzedwa kale chimakhala ndi magawo anayi: njira yothandizira, njira yolimitsira, njira yamadzi ndi feteleza, ndi njira yowonjezera kuwala (makamaka, magetsi okulira a LED). Kugawa mu dongosololi kukuwonetsedwa pa Chithunzi 1.

Chithunzi 1, kugawa mu dongosololi kwawonetsedwa mu.

Kapangidwe ka makina othandizira

Dongosolo lothandizira chipangizo cholimirira cha banja chomwe chimakonzedwa kale limapangidwa ndi ndodo yoyimirira, ndodo ndi mbale yosanjikiza. Ndodo ndi ndodo zimayikidwa kudzera mu chomangira cha dzenje la gulugufe, chomwe ndi chosavuta kusokoneza ndikuchisonkhanitsa. Ndodoyo ili ndi mbale yosanjikiza ya nthiti yolimbikitsidwa. Makona anayi a chimango cholimirira amalumikizidwa ndi mawilo achilengedwe okhala ndi mabuleki kuti awonjezere kusinthasintha kwa kayendedwe ka chipangizo cholimirira.

Kapangidwe ka njira yolima

Thanki yolima ndi chubu cha hydroponic cha 10 cm × 10 cm chokhala ndi chivundikiro chotseguka, chomwe n'chosavuta kuyeretsa, ndipo chingagwiritsidwe ntchito polima njira yothira michere, kulima nthaka kapena kulima nthaka. Polima njira yothira michere, dengu lobzala limayikidwa m'dzenje lobzala, ndipo mbande zimakhazikika ndi siponji yofanana. Pamene nthaka kapena nthaka ikulima, siponji kapena gauze zimayikidwa m'mabowo olumikizira kumapeto onse a malo olimiramo kuti thanki kapena nthaka isatseke njira yotulutsira madzi. Malekezero awiri a thanki yolima amalumikizidwa ku njira yoyendera madzi ndi payipi ya rabara yokhala ndi mainchesi amkati a 30 mm, zomwe zimapewa zolakwika za kulimba kwa kapangidwe kake komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha PVC glue bonding, komwe sikuthandiza kuyenda.

Kapangidwe ka Njira Yoyendetsera Madzi ndi Feteleza

Mu ulimi wa michere, gwiritsani ntchito pampu yosinthika kuti muwonjezere michere ku thanki yolima yapamwamba, ndikuwongolera momwe michere imayendera kudzera mu pulagi yamkati ya chitoliro cha PVC. Pofuna kupewa kuyenda kosagwirizana kwa michere, michere mu thanki yolima yomwe ili ndi gawo limodzi imagwiritsa ntchito njira yoyendera ya "S-shaped". Pofuna kuwonjezera mpweya mu michere, pamene gawo lotsika kwambiri la michere limatuluka, pali mpata wina pakati pa malo otulutsira madzi ndi madzi a thanki yamadzi. Mu ulimi wa substrate kapena nthaka, thanki yamadzi imayikidwa pamwamba, ndipo kuthirira ndi feteleza kumachitika kudzera mu njira yothirira madzi. Chitoliro chachikulu ndi chitoliro chakuda cha PE chokhala ndi mainchesi 32 mm ndi makulidwe a khoma a 2.0 mm, ndipo chitoliro cha nthambi ndi chitoliro chakuda cha PE chokhala ndi mainchesi 16 mm ndi makulidwe a khoma a 1.2 mm. Chitoliro chilichonse cha nthambi. Ikani valavu yowongolera payekha. Muvi wogwetsa umagwiritsa ntchito chopopera cha muvi wowongoka, 2 pa dzenje lililonse, choyikidwa muzu wa mmera mu dzenje lolima. Madzi ochulukirapo amasonkhanitsidwa kudzera mu ngalande, kusefedwa ndikugwiritsidwanso ntchito.

Dongosolo Lowonjezera Kuwala

Chipangizo cholimitsira chikagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga khonde, kuwala kwachilengedwe kochokera ku khonde kungagwiritsidwe ntchito popanda kuwala kowonjezera kapena kuwala kochepa kowonjezera. Mukalima m'chipinda chochezera, ndikofunikira kuchita kapangidwe kowonjezera ka kuwala. Chowunikiracho ndi kuwala kwa LED kwautali wa 1.2 m, ndipo nthawi yowunikira imayendetsedwa ndi chowerengera nthawi chokha. Nthawi yowunikira imayikidwa pa maola 14, ndipo nthawi yowunikira yosawonjezera ndi maola 10. Pali magetsi anayi a LED mu gawo lililonse, omwe amayikidwa pansi pa gawolo. Machubu anayi pa gawo lomwelo amalumikizidwa motsatizana, ndipo magawo amalumikizidwa motsatizana. Malinga ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana za kuunikira kwa zomera zosiyanasiyana, kuwala kwa LED komwe kumakhala ndi ma spectrum osiyanasiyana kumatha kusankhidwa.

Kusonkhanitsa Chipangizo

Chipangizo cholimirira nyumba chomwe chakonzedwa kale chili ndi kapangidwe kosavuta (Chithunzi 2) ndipo njira yosonkhanitsira ndi yosavuta. Mu gawo loyamba, mutadziwa kutalika kwa gawo lililonse malinga ndi kutalika kwa mbewu zomwe zalimidwa, ikani mtandawo mu dzenje la gulugufe la mtengo wowongoka kuti mumange chigoba cha chipangizocho; mu gawo lachiwiri, konzani chubu cha kuwala cha LED kumbuyo kwa gawolo, ndikuyika gawolo mkati mwa chidebe chamkati cha chimango cholimirira; gawo lachitatu, chidebe cholimirira ndi makina oyendetsera madzi ndi feteleza zalumikizidwa ndi payipi ya rabara; gawo lachinayi, ikani chubu cha LED, ikani chowerengera nthawi chokha, ndikuyika thanki yamadzi; sitepe yachisanu yokonza zolakwika, onjezerani madzi mu thanki yamadzi Mukasintha mutu wa pampu ndi kayendedwe ka madzi, yang'anani momwe madzi ndi feteleza zimayendera komanso momwe thanki yolimirira imagwirira ntchito, yatsani ndikuwona kulumikizana kwa magetsi a LED ndi momwe chowerengera nthawi chodziwikiracho chikuyendera.

Chithunzi 2, kapangidwe ka chipangizo cholimirira chomwe chakonzedwa kale

Kugwiritsa Ntchito ndi Kuwunika

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kulima

Mu 2019, chipangizochi chidzagwiritsidwa ntchito polima masamba ang'onoang'ono m'nyumba monga letesi, kabichi waku China, ndi udzu winawake (Chithunzi 3). Mu 2020, potengera mwachidule zomwe zidachitika kale pakulima, gulu la polojekitiyi lidapanga njira yolima masamba ofanana ndi chakudya ndi mankhwala a Begonia fimbristipula hance, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti chipangizochi chigwiritsidwe ntchito kunyumba. M'zaka ziwiri zapitazi zakulima ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, letesi ndi ndiwo zamasamba zofulumira zitha kukolola patatha masiku 25 mutabzala pa kutentha kwa mkati kwa 20-25℃; udzu winawake uyenera kukula kwa masiku 35-40; Begonia fimbristipula Hance ndi kabichi waku China ndi zomera zosatha zomwe zimatha kukolola kangapo; Begonia fimbristipula imatha kukolola masamba ndi masamba apamwamba a 10 cm m'masiku pafupifupi 35, ndipo masamba ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono amatha kukolola patatha masiku pafupifupi 45 kuti alimidwe kabichi. Akakolola, zokolola za letesi ndi kabichi waku China ndi 100 ~ 150 g pa chomera chilichonse; Zokolola za udzu winawake woyera ndi udzu winawake wofiira pa chomera chilichonse ndi 100 ~ 120 g; zokolola za Begonia fimbristipula Hance mu nthawi yokolola yoyamba ndi zochepa, 20-30 g pa chomera chilichonse, ndipo ndi kumera kosalekeza kwa nthambi zam'mbali, zimatha kukolola kachiwiri, ndi nthawi ya masiku pafupifupi 15 ndi zokolola za 60-80 g pa chomera chilichonse; zokolola za dzenje lopatsa thanzi ndi 50-80 g, zimakololedwa kamodzi pa masiku 25 aliwonse, ndipo zimatha kukolola mosalekeza.

Chithunzi 3, Kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo cholimirira chomwe chakonzedwa kale

Zotsatira za Ntchito

Pambuyo pa chaka chopitilira kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, chipangizochi chingagwiritse ntchito bwino malo atatu a chipindacho popanga mbewu zosiyanasiyana. Ntchito zake zonyamula ndi kutsitsa ndi zosavuta kuphunzira, ndipo palibe maphunziro aukadaulo omwe amafunikira. Posintha kukweza ndi kuyenda kwa pampu yamadzi, vuto la kuyenda kwambiri ndi kusefukira kwa michere mu thanki yolima zitha kupewedwa. Kapangidwe kotseguka ka thanki yolima sikuti ndikosavuta kuyeretsa mukangogwiritsa ntchito, komanso kosavuta kusintha pamene zowonjezera zawonongeka. Thanki yolima imalumikizidwa ndi payipi ya rabara ya makina oyendetsera madzi ndi feteleza, omwe amakwaniritsa kapangidwe ka thanki yolima ndi makina oyendetsera madzi ndi feteleza, ndikupewa zoyipa za kapangidwe kophatikizidwa mu chipangizo chachikhalidwe cha hydroponic. Kuphatikiza apo, chipangizochi chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa kafukufuku wasayansi pansi pa kutentha ndi chinyezi chowongolera kuwonjezera pa kupanga mbewu zapakhomo. Sikuti chimangosunga malo oyesera, komanso chimakwaniritsa zofunikira za malo opangira, makamaka kukhazikika kwa malo okulira mizu. Pambuyo pokonza mosavuta, chipangizo cholimitsira chimatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira za njira zosiyanasiyana zochiritsira zachilengedwe za rhizosphere, ndipo chagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyesa zasayansi ya zomera.

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Zambiri: Wang Fei,Wang Changyi,Shi Jingxuan,et al.Kapangidwe ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo cholimirira chapakhomo chokonzedweratu [J].Ukadaulo wa Uinjiniya Waulimi,2021,41(16):12-15.