Gwero loyambirira: Houcheng Liu.Chitukuko ndi momwe zimakhalira makampani opanga kuwala kwa zomera za LED[J] .Journal of Illumination Engineering,2018,29(04):8-9.
Gwero la Nkhani: Material Once Deep

Kuwala ndiye maziko a chilengedwe cha kukula ndi chitukuko cha zomera.Kuwala sikumangopereka mphamvu kuti zomera zikule kudzera mu photosynthesis, komanso ndizomwe zimawongolera kukula ndi kukula kwa zomera.Kuwala kochita kupanga kapena kuwala kochita kupanga kokwanira kumatha kulimbikitsa kukula kwa mbewu, kuchulukitsa zokolola, kukonza mawonekedwe azinthu, mtundu, kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito, ndikuchepetsa kupezeka kwa matenda ndi tizirombo.Lero, ndikugawana nanu zachitukuko komanso momwe zimakhalira pamakampani opanga zowunikira.
Ukadaulo wopangira magetsi opangira magetsi umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito yowunikira mbewu.LED ili ndi ubwino wambiri monga kuwala kwapamwamba, kutentha kochepa, kukula kochepa, moyo wautali ndi zina zambiri.Lili ndi ubwino zoonekeratu m'munda kukula kuunikira.Makampani owunikira akukula pang'onopang'ono atengera zowunikira za LED kuti azilima mbewu.

A. Chitukuko chamakampani opanga zowunikira za LED 

Phukusi la 1.LED lounikira

Pankhani yowunikira ma CD a LED, pali mitundu yambiri ya zida zonyamula, ndipo palibe njira yofananira yoyezera komanso yowunikira.Choncho, poyerekeza ndi zinthu zapakhomo, opanga akunja makamaka kuganizira mkulu-mphamvu, chisononkho ndi gawo malangizo, poganizira kuwala koyera mndandanda wa kukula kuunikira, poganizira ndi zomera kukula makhalidwe ndi humanized kuunikira chilengedwe, kukhala ndi luso luso kudalirika, kuwala. Mwachangu, mawonekedwe a photosynthetic radiation a zomera zosiyanasiyana m'mizere yosiyanasiyana ya kukula, kuphatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamphamvu kwambiri, mphamvu yapakatikati ndi zomera zotsika mphamvu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuti zikwaniritse zosowa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana m'malo osiyanasiyana kukula, kuyembekezera kukwaniritsa cholinga chokulitsa kukula kwa mbewu ndi kupulumutsa mphamvu.

Chiwerengero chachikulu cha ma patent opangira ma chip epitaxial wafers akadali m'manja mwamakampani otsogola ngati Nichia waku Japan ndi American Career.Opanga tchipisi apakhomo alibebe zinthu zokhala ndi patenti zokhala ndi mpikisano wamsika.Nthawi yomweyo, makampani ambiri akupanganso matekinoloje atsopano pankhani yokulitsa tchipisi ta ma CD.Mwachitsanzo, ukadaulo wa Osram wowonda kwambiri wa chip chimathandizira tchipisi kuti tiphatikizidwe pamodzi kuti apange malo akulu owunikira.Kutengera ukadaulo uwu, njira yowunikira kwambiri ya LED yokhala ndi kutalika kwa 660nm imatha kuchepetsa 40% yamagetsi ogwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo olima.

2. Kukula sipekitiramu kuyatsa ndi zipangizo
The sipekitiramu wa kuunikira zomera ndi zovuta ndi zosiyanasiyana.Zomera zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pamawonekedwe ofunikira pakukula kosiyanasiyana komanso ngakhale m'malo osiyanasiyana.Pofuna kukwaniritsa zosowa zosiyanasiyanazi, pakali pano pali njira zotsatirazi: ①Mapangidwe angapo ophatikizira kuwala kwa monochromatic.Mitundu itatu yothandiza kwambiri ya photosynthesis ya zomera makamaka ndi sipekitiramu yokhala ndi nsonga za 450nm ndi 660nm, gulu la 730nm lolimbikitsa kutulutsa maluwa, kuphatikiza kuwala kobiriwira kwa 525nm ndi bandi ya ultraviolet yochepera 380nm.Phatikizani mitundu iyi ya mawonekedwe molingana ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana za zomera kuti mupange mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri.②Sipekitiramu yokwanira kuti mukwaniritse kufalikira kwamitundu yonse yamafuta.Mtundu uwu wa sipekitiramu wofanana ndi chipangizo cha SUNLIKE choyimiridwa ndi Seoul Semiconductor ndi Samsung sichingakhale chogwira mtima kwambiri, koma ndi choyenera kwa zomera zonse, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wotsika kwambiri kuposa wa monochromatic kuwala osakaniza njira.③Gwiritsani ntchito kuwala koyera kowoneka bwino ngati koyambira, kuphatikiza kuwala kofiira kwa 660nm ngati njira yophatikizira kuti muwongolere magwiridwe antchito a sipekitiramu.Chiwembuchi ndi chandalama komanso chothandiza.

Zomera zikule kuyatsa tchipisi ta LED tating'onoting'ono (mafunde akulu ndi 450nm, 660nm, 730nm) zida zonyamula zimaphimbidwa ndi makampani ambiri apakhomo ndi akunja, pomwe zogulitsa zapakhomo ndizosiyanasiyana ndipo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ambiri, ndipo zopangidwa ndi opanga akunja ndizokhazikika.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ponena za photosynthetic photon flux , Kuwala bwino, ndi zina zotero, pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa opanga ma CD a pakhomo ndi akunja.Pazida zoyatsira zowunikira zamtundu wa monochromatic, kuphatikiza pazogulitsa zomwe zili ndi magulu akuluakulu a kutalika kwa 450nm, 660nm, ndi 730nm, opanga ambiri akupanganso zinthu zatsopano m'magulu ena a kutalika kwa mafunde kuti azindikire kuphimba kwathunthu kwa ma radiation a synthetically yogwira ntchito (PAR) kutalika kwa mafunde (450-730nm).

Magetsi omera a Monochromatic LED sali oyenera kukula kwa mbewu zonse.Chifukwa chake, maubwino a ma LED owoneka bwino amawunikidwa.Sipekitiramu yathunthu iyenera kaye kuti ikwaniritse mawonekedwe onse a kuwala kowoneka bwino (400-700nm), ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito a magulu awiriwa: kuwala kobiriwira kobiriwira (470-510nm), kuwala kofiira kwambiri (660-700nm).Gwiritsani ntchito buluu wamba wa LED kapena ultraviolet LED chip yokhala ndi phosphor kuti mukwaniritse mawonekedwe "wathunthu", ndipo mphamvu yake ya photosynthetic imakhala yokwera komanso yotsika.Opanga ambiri opanga zowunikira zoyera za LED amagwiritsa ntchito Blue chip + phosphors kuti akwaniritse mawonekedwe onse.Kuphatikiza pa kuyika kwake kwa kuwala kwa monochromatic ndi kuwala kwa buluu kapena ultraviolet chip kuphatikiza phosphor kuzindikira kuwala koyera, zida zopangira zoyatsira zomera zimakhalanso ndi ma CD ophatikizika omwe amagwiritsa ntchito tchipisi tambiri kapena kupitilira apo, monga red ten blue/ultraviolet, RGB, Chithunzi cha RGBW.Mapaketi awa ali ndi zabwino zambiri pakufinya.

Pankhani ya zopangira zopapatiza za LED, ogulitsa ambiri amanyamula amatha kupatsa makasitomala zinthu zosiyanasiyana za kutalika kwa 365-740nm band.Pankhani yakuwunikira kwa mbewu yosinthidwa ndi phosphors, opanga ma CD ambiri amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana omwe makasitomala angasankhe.Poyerekeza ndi 2016, kukula kwake kwa malonda mu 2017 kwawonjezeka kwambiri.Pakati pawo, kukula kwa 660nm gwero la kuwala kwa LED kumakhazikika mu 20% -50%, ndipo kukula kwa malonda a phosphor-anatembenuzidwa chomera LED kuwala kufika 50% -200 %, ndiko kuti, malonda a phosphor-otembenuzidwa chomera. Magwero a kuwala kwa LED akukula mofulumira.

Makampani onse onyamula amatha kupereka 0.2-0.9 W ndi 1-3 W zinthu zonse zonyamula.Magwero owunikirawa amalola opanga zowunikira kukhala ndi kusinthasintha kwabwino pamapangidwe owunikira.Kuphatikiza apo, opanga ena amaperekanso zida zapamwamba zophatikizira zama CD.Pakalipano, oposa 80% a katundu wa opanga ambiri ndi 0.2-0.9 W kapena 1-3 W. Pakati pawo, katundu wa makampani otsogolera padziko lonse lapansi akuphatikizidwa mu 1-3 W, pamene kutumiza kwazing'ono ndi zapakati- Makampani onyamula katundu amakhazikika mu 0.2-0.9 W.

3.Fields of application of plant grow light

Kuchokera pakugwiritsa ntchito, zowunikira zowunikira mbewu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakuwunikira kwa wowonjezera kutentha, mafakitale opanga zowunikira zonse, chikhalidwe cha minofu yamitengo, kuyatsa kwapanja kwaulimi, masamba am'nyumba ndi kubzala maluwa, ndi kafukufuku wa labotale.

①M'malo obiriwira obiriwira adzuwa ndi malo obiriwira ambiri, kuchuluka kwa kuwala kopangira kuyatsa kowonjezera kumakhalabe kochepa, ndipo nyali zachitsulo za halide ndi nyali za sodium zothamanga kwambiri ndizo zikuluzikulu.Kulowetsedwa kwa makina ounikira a LED ndikotsika, koma kukula kumayamba kukwera pomwe mtengo ukutsika.Chifukwa chachikulu ndi chakuti ogwiritsa ntchito amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yogwiritsa ntchito nyali zachitsulo za halide ndi nyali zothamanga kwambiri za sodium, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito nyali zachitsulo za halide ndi nyali zapamwamba za sodium zimatha kupereka pafupifupi 6% mpaka 8% ya mphamvu ya kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha popewa kuwotcha kwa zomera.Dongosolo la kuyatsa kwa LED silinapereke malangizo achindunji komanso othandiza komanso chithandizo cha data, zomwe zidachedwetsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwake masana ndi ma greenhouses ambiri.Pakalipano, mapulogalamu ang'onoang'ono a ziwonetsero akadali ofunika kwambiri.Popeza LED ndi gwero lozizira, imatha kukhala pafupi ndi denga lazomera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kusakhale kochepa.M'malo obiriwira masana komanso ma span ambiri, kuyatsa kwa kukula kwa LED kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakulima mbewu zapakati.

②Kugwiritsa ntchito kumunda wapanja.Kulowera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kuunikira kwa zomera muulimi wa malo kwakhala kochepa kwambiri, pamene kugwiritsa ntchito makina ounikira zomera za LED (kuwongolera zithunzi) kwa mbewu zakunja zamasiku ambiri zokhala ndi ndalama zambiri (monga dragon fruit) zapeza chitukuko chofulumira.

③Mafakitale obzala.Pakalipano, njira yowunikira kwambiri komanso yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ya zomera ndi fakitale yamagetsi yopangira magetsi, yomwe imagawidwa m'magulu apakati amitundu yambiri ndikugawa mafakitale osunthika.Kukula kwa mafakitale opanga kuwala ku China ndikofulumira kwambiri.Gulu lalikulu lazachuma la fakitale yamafuta opangira magetsi opangira magetsi ambiri simakampani azikhalidwe zaulimi, koma ndi makampani ochulukirapo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi zamagetsi, monga Zhongke San'an, Foxconn, Panasonic Suzhou, Jingdong, komanso COFCO ndi Xi Cui ndi makampani ena amakono amakono.M'mafakitale ogawa ndi oyenda, zotengera zotumizira (zotengera zatsopano kapena kukonzanso zotengera zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kale) zimagwiritsidwabe ntchito ngati zonyamulira wamba.Njira zowunikira zomera za zomera zonse zopanga nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zowunikira zozungulira kapena zozungulira, ndipo chiwerengero cha mitundu yobzalidwa chikupitiriza kukula.Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yoyesera yowunikira magetsi a LED ayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mofala komanso mofala.Zogulitsa pamsika ndi masamba obiriwira kwambiri.

④Kubzala mbewu zapakhomo.Ma LED angagwiritsidwe ntchito mu nyali zapakhomo zapakhomo, zotengera zobzala mbewu zapakhomo, makina olima masamba apanyumba, ndi zina zambiri.

⑤Kulima mitengo yamankhwala.Kulima mbewu zamankhwala kumaphatikizapo zomera monga Anoectochilus ndi Lithospermum.Zogulitsa m'misikayi zimakhala ndi mtengo wapamwamba pazachuma ndipo pano ndi bizinesi yokhala ndi ntchito zambiri zowunikira zomera.Kuphatikiza apo, kuvomerezeka kwa kulima cannabis ku North America ndi madera ena aku Europe kwalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito kuyatsa kwa LED pamunda wa kulima cannabis.

⑥Nyali zamaluwa.Monga chida chofunikira kwambiri chosinthira nthawi ya maluwa pantchito yolima maluwa, kugwiritsa ntchito koyamba kwa nyali zamaluwa kunali nyali za incandescent, zotsatiridwa ndi nyali zopulumutsa mphamvu.Ndi chitukuko cha mafakitale a LED, zowunikira zowunikira zamtundu wa LED zasintha pang'onopang'ono m'malo mwa nyali zachikhalidwe.

⑦ Chikhalidwe cha minofu.Magwero owunikira amtundu wamtunduwu amakhala makamaka nyali zoyera za fulorosenti, zomwe zimakhala ndi kuwala kochepa komanso kutentha kwakukulu.Ma LED ndi oyenera kwambiri, owongolera komanso ogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha minofu ya zomera chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo apamwamba monga kutsika kwa mphamvu, kutsika kwa kutentha ndi moyo wautali.Pakadali pano, machubu oyera a LED akusintha pang'onopang'ono nyali zoyera za fulorosenti.

4. Kugawa kwachigawo kwamakampani owunikira kukula

Malinga ndi ziwerengero, pali panopa oposa 300 kukula makampani kuunikira m'dziko langa, ndi kukula makampani kuyatsa mu Pearl River Delta dera nkhani zoposa 50%, ndipo iwo ali kale pa udindo waukulu.Kukula makampani owunikira mu Yangtze River Delta pafupifupi 30%, ndipo akadali malo ofunikira opangira zopangira zowunikira.Makampani opanga nyale zachikhalidwe amagawidwa ku Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta ndi Bohai Rim, pomwe Yangtze River Delta imakhala ndi 53%, ndipo Pearl River Delta ndi Bohai Rim amakhala 24% ndi 22% motsatana. .Malo ogawa kwambiri opanga zowunikira za LED ndi Pearl River Delta (62%), Yangtze River Delta (20%) ndi Bohai Rim (12%).

B. Kukula kwamakampani opanga zowunikira za LED

1. ukatswiri

Kuunikira kwa kukula kwa LED kumakhala ndi mawonekedwe osinthika komanso kulimba kwa kuwala, kutentha pang'ono, komanso magwiridwe antchito osalowa madzi, kotero ndikoyenera kukulitsa kuyatsa m'malo osiyanasiyana.Nthawi yomweyo, kusintha kwachilengedwe komanso kufunafuna kwa anthu chakudya kwalimbikitsa chitukuko champhamvu chaulimi ndikukula mafakitale, ndikupangitsa kuti ma LED akule makampani opanga zowunikira kukhala nthawi yachitukuko chofulumira.M'tsogolomu, kuyatsa kwakukula kwa LED kudzakhala ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwongolera ulimi waulimi, kukonza chitetezo cha chakudya, ndikuwongolera zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba.Gwero la kuwala kwa LED kuti likule lidzakula ndikukula pang'onopang'ono kwamakampani ndikusunthira mbali yomwe mukufuna.

2. Kuchita bwino kwambiri

Kuwongolera bwino kwa kuwala ndi mphamvu zamagetsi ndiye chinsinsi chochepetsera kwambiri mtengo wopangira kuyatsa kwa mbewu.Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa ma LED m'malo mwa nyali zachikhalidwe komanso kukhathamiritsa ndi kusintha kwa kuwala molingana ndi momwe mbewu zimafunira kuyambira pa mbande mpaka nthawi yokolola ndizochitika zosapeŵeka zaulimi woyengedwa bwino m'tsogolomu.Pankhani yokweza zokolola, imatha kulimidwa pang'onopang'ono komanso m'magawo ophatikizika ndi mawonekedwe opepuka malinga ndi kakulidwe kazomera kuti zitheke kupanga bwino komanso zokolola pagawo lililonse.Pankhani yakuwongolera bwino, kuwongolera zakudya komanso kuwongolera kuwala kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuonjezera zomwe zili muzakudya ndi zinthu zina zachipatala.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero, dziko lomwe likufuna mbande zamasamba ndi 680 biliyoni, pomwe mphamvu yopanga mbande ya fakitale ndi yosakwana 10%.Makampani obzala mbande ali ndi zofunikira zambiri zachilengedwe.Nthawi yopanga nthawi zambiri imakhala yozizira komanso masika.Kuwala kwachilengedwe ndikofooka ndipo kuwala kowonjezera kopanga kumafunika.Kuunikira kwakukula kwa mbewu kumakhala ndi zolowera komanso zotulutsa zambiri komanso kuvomereza kolowera.LED ali ndi ubwino wapadera, chifukwa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba (tomato, nkhaka, mavwende, etc.) ayenera kumezanitsidwa, ndi sipekitiramu yeniyeni ya kuwala supplementation pansi mkulu chinyezi mikhalidwe angalimbikitse machiritso a kumtengowo mbande.Kubzala masamba owonjezera kutentha kumatha kupangitsa kusowa kwa kuwala kwachilengedwe, kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ya photosynthetic ya zomera, kulimbikitsa maluwa ndi fruiting, kuonjezera zokolola, ndi kupititsa patsogolo khalidwe la mankhwala.Kuunikira kwa kukula kwa LED kumakhala ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito mbande zamasamba komanso kupanga wowonjezera kutentha.

3. Wanzeru

Kuunikira kwakukula kwa mbewu kumafunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera nthawi yeniyeni ya mtundu wa kuwala ndi kuchuluka kwa kuwala.Ndi kusintha kwaukadaulo wanzeru kuwongolera komanso kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti ya Zinthu, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mawonekedwe amtundu wa monochromatic ndi machitidwe anzeru owongolera amatha kuzindikira kuwongolera nthawi, kuwongolera kuwala, komanso malinga ndi kukula kwa mbewu, kusintha kwanthawi yake kwa mtundu wa kuwala ndi kutulutsa kuwala. akuyenera kukhala azimuth waukulu m'tsogolo chitukuko cha zomera kukula luso kuyatsa.