Chidule: M'zaka zaposachedwapa, ndi kufufuza kosalekeza kwa ukadaulo wamakono waulimi, makampani opanga zomera nawonso apita patsogolo mofulumira. Pepalali likuwonetsa momwe zinthu zilili panopa, mavuto omwe alipo komanso njira zothanirana ndi chitukuko cha ukadaulo wa mafakitale opanga zomera ndi chitukuko cha mafakitale, ndipo likuyembekezera chitukuko ndi chiyembekezo cha mafakitale opanga zomera mtsogolo.

1. Momwe ukadaulo ukugwirira ntchito pakadali pano m'mafakitale opanga zomera ku China ndi kunja kwa dzikolo

1.1 Momwe zinthu zilili pa chitukuko cha ukadaulo wakunja

Kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 2000, kafukufuku wa mafakitale a zomera wakhala akuyang'ana kwambiri pakukweza mphamvu ya kuwala, kupanga zida zokulira zamitundu itatu, komanso kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha kayendetsedwe kanzeru ndi kuwongolera. M'zaka za m'ma 2000, luso la magwero a kuwala kwa LED kwaulimi lapita patsogolo, kupereka chithandizo chofunikira chaukadaulo pakugwiritsa ntchito magwero a kuwala kosunga mphamvu a LED m'mafakitale a zomera. Chiba University ku Japan yapanga zinthu zambiri zatsopano pa magwero a kuwala kosunga mphamvu, kuwongolera zachilengedwe kosunga mphamvu, komanso njira zokulira. Wageningen University ku Netherlands imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo woyeserera zachilengedwe ndi ukadaulo wowongolera mphamvu kuti ipange makina anzeru a mafakitale a zomera, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri ndalama zogwirira ntchito ndikukweza kwambiri ntchito ya antchito.

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, mafakitale a zomera pang'onopang'ono ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira zodzipangira zokha kuyambira kufesa, kubzala mbande, kubzala mbewu, ndi kukolola. Japan, Netherlands, ndi United States ali patsogolo, ndi makina ambiri, makina odzipangira okha, komanso nzeru, ndipo akupita patsogolo pa ulimi wozungulira komanso ntchito zopanda anthu.

1.2 Momwe chitukuko cha ukadaulo chilili ku China

1.2.1 Chipangizo chapadera cha kuwala kwa LED ndi ukadaulo wogwiritsa ntchito populumutsa mphamvu pa kuwala kochita kupanga m'fakitale ya fakitale

Magwero apadera a kuwala kwa LED ofiira ndi abuluu opangira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera m'mafakitale a zomera apangidwa limodzi pambuyo pa lina. Mphamvu yake imayambira pa 30 mpaka 300 W, ndipo mphamvu ya kuwala kwa radiation ndi 80 mpaka 500 μmol/(m2•s), zomwe zingapereke mphamvu ya kuwala ndi malire oyenera, magawo abwino a kuwala, kuti zikwaniritse zotsatira za kusunga mphamvu moyenera komanso kusintha zosowa za kukula ndi kuunikira kwa zomera. Ponena za kasamalidwe ka kutentha kwa gwero la kuwala, kapangidwe ka kutentha kwa fan ya gwero la kuwala kayambitsidwa, komwe kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa kuwala kwa gwero la kuwala ndikutsimikizira kuti gwero la kuwala limakhala ndi moyo. Kuphatikiza apo, njira yochepetsera kutentha kwa gwero la kuwala la LED kudzera mu njira yothetsera michere kapena kuyenda kwa madzi ikuperekedwa. Ponena za kasamalidwe ka malo a gwero la kuwala, malinga ndi lamulo la kusintha kwa kukula kwa chomera mu gawo la mbande ndi gawo lotsatira, kudzera mu kasamalidwe ka kayendedwe ka malo a LED, denga la chomera likhoza kuwunikira patali ndipo cholinga chosunga mphamvu chimakwaniritsidwa. Pakadali pano, mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi magetsi opangira mafakitale opangira magetsi zimatha kukhala 50% mpaka 60% ya mphamvu zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mafakitale opangira magetsi. Ngakhale kuti LED imatha kusunga mphamvu 50% poyerekeza ndi nyali za fluorescent, pakadali pano pali kuthekera komanso kufunikira kofufuza za kusunga mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi.

1.2.2 Ukadaulo ndi zida zolimitsira zamitundu itatu

Kusiyana kwa magawo a kulima kwa magawo atatu kumachepa chifukwa LED imalowa m'malo mwa nyali ya fluorescent, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kulima kwa zomera kukhale bwino m'malo mwa magawo atatu. Pali maphunziro ambiri pa kapangidwe ka pansi pa bedi lolima. Mizere yokwezedwayo idapangidwa kuti ipange kayendedwe ka madzi kosasunthika, komwe kungathandize mizu ya zomera kuyamwa michere mofanana ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mpweya wosungunuka. Pogwiritsa ntchito bolodi lolima, pali njira ziwiri zolima, zomwe ndi makapu apulasitiki a kukula kosiyanasiyana kapena njira yolima ya siponji. Dongosolo la bedi lolima lotsetsereka lawonekera, ndipo bolodi lolima ndi zomera zomwe zili pamenepo zitha kukankhidwa pamanja kuchokera kumapeto ena kupita kwina, kuzindikira njira yopangira yobzala kumapeto ena a bedi lolima ndikukolola kumapeto ena. Pakadali pano, ukadaulo wosiyanasiyana wamitundu itatu wosalima nthaka wopanda nthaka komanso zida zochokera paukadaulo wa filimu yamadzimadzi ndi ukadaulo woyenda wamadzimadzi wapangidwa, ndipo ukadaulo ndi zida zolima sitiroberi, kulima masamba ndi maluwa a aerosol zayamba. Ukadaulo womwe watchulidwa wakula mwachangu.

1.2.3 Ukadaulo ndi zida zoyendetsera njira zopezera zakudya

Pambuyo poti njira yothira michere yagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera madzi ndi mchere. Kawirikawiri, kuchuluka kwa njira yothira michere yokonzedwa kumene komanso kuchuluka kwa njira yothira michere ya asidi kumatsimikiziridwa poyesa EC ndi pH. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta sediment kapena kuchotsa mizu mu njira yothira michere tiyenera kuchotsedwa ndi fyuluta. Ma exudates a mizu mu njira yothira michere amatha kuchotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zowunikira kuti apewe zopinga zosalekeza mu hydroponics, koma pali zoopsa zina pakupezeka kwa michere.

1.2.4 Ukadaulo ndi zida zowongolera zachilengedwe

Ukhondo wa mpweya wa malo opangira zinthu ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri za ubwino wa mpweya wa fakitale ya fakitale. Ukhondo wa mpweya (zizindikiro za tinthu tomwe timapachikidwa ndi mabakiteriya okhazikika) m'malo opangira zinthu m'fakitale ya fakitale ya fakitale pansi pa mikhalidwe yosinthasintha uyenera kulamulidwa mpaka pamlingo woposa 100,000. Kulowetsa mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, chithandizo cha shawa ya mpweya yobwera kwa ogwira ntchito, ndi njira yoyeretsera mpweya wabwino (dongosolo losefera mpweya) zonse ndi chitetezo chachikulu. Kutentha ndi chinyezi, kuchuluka kwa CO2 ndi liwiro la mpweya m'malo opangira zinthu ndi zina zofunika kwambiri pakulamulira ubwino wa mpweya. Malinga ndi malipoti, kukhazikitsa zida monga mabokosi osakaniza mpweya, ma ducts a mpweya, malo olowera mpweya ndi malo otulutsira mpweya kumatha kuwongolera kutentha ndi chinyezi mofanana, kuchuluka kwa CO2 ndi liwiro la mpweya m'malo opangira zinthu, kuti zikwaniritse kufanana kwa malo ndikukwaniritsa zosowa za zomera m'malo osiyanasiyana. Njira yowongolera kutentha, chinyezi ndi kuchuluka kwa CO2 ndi dongosolo la mpweya watsopano zimaphatikizidwa mwachilengedwe mu dongosolo la mpweya wozungulira. Machitidwe atatuwa ayenera kugawana njira yolowera mpweya, malo olowera mpweya ndi malo otulutsira mpweya, ndikupereka mphamvu kudzera mu fan kuti mpweya uziyenda bwino, kusefa ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso kusintha ndi kufanana kwa mpweya. Zimaonetsetsa kuti kupanga zomera mu fakitale ya zomera kulibe tizilombo ndi matenda, ndipo sikufunika kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Nthawi yomweyo, kutentha, chinyezi, mpweya, ndi kuchuluka kwa CO2 kwa zinthu zomwe zimamera m'chipinda chokulirapo cha zomera kumatsimikizika kuti zikwaniritse zosowa za kukula kwa zomera.

2. Mkhalidwe wa Chitukuko cha Makampani Opanga Mafakitale

2.1 Momwe mafakitale a mafakitale akunja akukhalira

Ku Japan, kafukufuku ndi chitukuko ndi chitukuko cha mafakitale opanga magetsi opangira zinthu ndi zachangu kwambiri, ndipo ali patsogolo. Mu 2010, boma la Japan linayambitsa yen 50 biliyoni kuti lithandizire kafukufuku waukadaulo ndi chitukuko komanso kuwonetsa mafakitale. Mabungwe asanu ndi atatu kuphatikiza Chiba University ndi Japan Plant Factory Research Association adatenga nawo gawo. Japan Future Company idachita ndikuwongolera pulojekiti yoyamba yowonetsera mafakitale a fakitale yopanga mafakitale yokhala ndi zotulutsa za tsiku ndi tsiku za zomera 3,000. Mu 2012, mtengo wopangira fakitale yopanga mafakitale unali 700 yen/kg. Mu 2014, fakitale yamakono ya mafakitale ku Taga Castle, Miyagi Prefecture idamalizidwa, kukhala fakitale yoyamba padziko lonse lapansi ya mafakitale a LED yokhala ndi zotulutsa za tsiku ndi tsiku za zomera 10,000. Kuyambira 2016, mafakitale a mafakitale a LED alowa mumsewu wofulumira wa mafakitale ku Japan, ndipo mabizinesi opindulitsa kapena opindulitsa atuluka limodzi pambuyo pa lina. Mu 2018, mafakitale akuluakulu opanga zomera omwe amatha kupanga zomera kuyambira 50,000 mpaka 100,000 tsiku lililonse adawonekera limodzi motsatizana, ndipo mafakitale opanga zomera padziko lonse lapansi anali kupita patsogolo kupita patsogolo pakukula kwakukulu, kwaukadaulo komanso kwanzeru. Nthawi yomweyo, Tokyo Electric Power, Okinawa Electric Power ndi madera ena adayamba kuyika ndalama m'mafakitale opanga zomera. Mu 2020, gawo la msika wa letesi lopangidwa ndi mafakitale opanga zomera aku Japan lidzawerengera pafupifupi 10% ya msika wonse wa letesi. Pakati pa mafakitale opanga opanga opanga opanga oposa 250 omwe akugwira ntchito pano, 20% ali pagawo lopanga kutayika, 50% ali pamlingo wocheperako, ndipo 30% ali pagawo lopindulitsa, lophatikizapo mitundu ya zomera zolimidwa monga letesi, zitsamba, ndi mbande.

Dziko la Netherlands ndi dziko lotsogola padziko lonse lapansi pankhani yogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wophatikiza kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi kuwala kopangira mafakitale, ndi makina ambiri, makina odzipangira okha, nzeru komanso opanda anthu, ndipo tsopano latumiza ukadaulo wonse ndi zida ngati zinthu zamphamvu ku Middle East, Africa, China ndi mayiko ena. Famu ya American AeroFarms ili ku Newark, New Jersey, USA, yokhala ndi malo okwana 6500 m2. Ikulima makamaka ndiwo zamasamba ndi zonunkhira, ndipo zokolola zake ndi pafupifupi 900 t/chaka.

Ulimi wozungulira mu AeroFarms

Fakitale ya zomera zolima molunjika ya Plenty Company ku United States imagwiritsa ntchito magetsi a LED ndi chimango choyimirira choyimirira chokhala ndi kutalika kwa mamita 6. Zomera zimamera kuchokera m'mbali mwa zomera. Potengera kuthirira kokwezeka, njira iyi yobzala siifuna mapampu owonjezera ndipo ndi yothandiza kwambiri kuposa ulimi wamba. Plenty akunena kuti famu yake imapanga zokolola zokwana 350 kuposa famu wamba pomwe imagwiritsa ntchito 1% yokha ya madzi.

Fakitale ya zomera zolima molunjika, Kampani ya Plenty

2.2 Momwe makampani opangira mafakitale amagwirira ntchito ku China alili

Mu 2009, fakitale yoyamba yopanga zinthu ku China yokhala ndi ulamuliro wanzeru ngati pakati idamangidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku Changchun Agricultural Expo Park. Malo omanga ndi 200 m2, ndipo zinthu zachilengedwe monga kutentha, chinyezi, kuwala, CO2 ndi kuchuluka kwa michere m'fakitale ya fakitaleyo zitha kuyang'aniridwa zokha nthawi yeniyeni kuti zigwire ntchito mwanzeru.

Mu 2010, fakitale ya zomera ya Tongzhou inamangidwa ku Beijing. Kapangidwe kake kamagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chopepuka cha gawo limodzi chokhala ndi malo okwana 1289 m2. Kapangidwe kake kamafanana ndi chonyamulira ndege, chomwe chikuyimira ulimi waku China womwe ukutsogolera pakuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri wa ulimi wamakono. Zipangizo zodzipangira zokha zogwirira ntchito zina zopangira masamba amasamba zapangidwa, zomwe zathandiza kuti fakitale ya zomera izigwira ntchito bwino komanso kuti igwire bwino ntchito. Fakitale ya zomera imagwiritsa ntchito makina opopera kutentha omwe amapangidwa pansi komanso makina opangira mphamvu ya dzuwa, zomwe zimathetsa bwino vuto la ndalama zambiri zogwirira ntchito pafakitale ya zomera.

Mawonekedwe a mkati ndi kunja kwa Tongzhou Plant Factory

Mu 2013, makampani ambiri aukadaulo waulimi adakhazikitsidwa ku Yangling Agricultural High-tech Demonstration Zone, Shaanxi Province. Mapulojekiti ambiri a fakitale ya zomera omwe akumangidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ali m'mapaki owonetsera zaukadaulo waulimi, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuwonetsa zasayansi yotchuka komanso malo opumulirako. Chifukwa cha zofooka zawo pantchito, zimakhala zovuta kuti mafakitale otchuka asayansi awa apeze zokolola zambiri komanso magwiridwe antchito apamwamba omwe amafunikira pakukula kwa mafakitale, ndipo zidzakhala zovuta kuti akhale njira yayikulu yokulirakulira mtsogolo.

Mu 2015, kampani yayikulu yopanga ma LED chip ku China idagwirizana ndi Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences kuti ayambitse pamodzi kukhazikitsidwa kwa kampani yopanga mafakitale. Yachoka pamakampani opanga ma optoelectronic kupita kumakampani opanga ma "photobiological", ndipo yakhala chitsanzo kwa opanga ma LED aku China kuti azigwiritsa ntchito pomanga mafakitale opangira mafakitale. Fakitale yake ya Plant Factory yadzipereka kuyika ndalama m'mafakitale mu photobiology yatsopano, yomwe ikuphatikiza kafukufuku wasayansi, kupanga, kuwonetsa, kukulitsa ndi ntchito zina, ndi ndalama zolembetsedwa za yuan 100 miliyoni. Mu Juni 2016, Fakitale iyi ya Plant Factory yokhala ndi nyumba yazipinda zitatu yokhala ndi malo a 3,000 m2 ndi malo olima oposa 10,000 m2 idamalizidwa ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito. Pofika Meyi 2017, muyeso wa tsiku ndi tsiku udzakhala 1,500 kg ya ndiwo zamasamba zamasamba, zofanana ndi zomera za letesi 15,000 patsiku.

Mawonedwe a kampani iyi

3. Mavuto ndi njira zothanirana ndi chitukuko cha mafakitale opangira zomera

3.1 Mavuto

3.1.1 Mtengo wokwera womanga

Mafakitale a zomera ayenera kupanga mbewu pamalo otsekedwa. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kumanga mapulojekiti othandizira ndi zida kuphatikizapo nyumba zokonzera zakunja, makina oziziritsira mpweya, magwero opangira magetsi, makina olima amitundu yambiri, kufalikira kwa michere, ndi makina owongolera makompyuta. Mtengo womanga ndi wokwera kwambiri.

3.1.2 Mtengo wokwera wogwirira ntchito

Magwero ambiri a magetsi omwe amafunikira m'mafakitale a zomera amachokera ku magetsi a LED, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito magetsi ambiri pomwe amapereka ma spectrum oyenerera kukula kwa mbewu zosiyanasiyana. Zipangizo monga mpweya woziziritsa, mpweya wopumira, ndi mapampu amadzi popanga mafakitale a zomera zimagwiritsiranso ntchito magetsi, kotero ndalama zamagetsi ndi ndalama zambiri. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, pakati pa ndalama zopangira mafakitale a zomera, ndalama zamagetsi ndi 29%, ndalama za antchito ndi 26%, kuchepa kwa chuma chokhazikika ndi 23%, kulongedza ndi mayendedwe ndi 12%, ndi zipangizo zopangira ndi 10%.

Kuwerengera mtengo wopangira fakitale ya fakitale

3.1.3 Mlingo wotsika wa zochita zokha

Fakitale yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pano ili ndi njira yotsika yodzichitira yokha, ndipo njira monga kubzala mbande, kubzala mbewu zina, kubzala m'munda, ndi kukolola zimafunabe ntchito zamanja, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu aziwononga ndalama zambiri.

3.1.4 Mitundu yochepa ya mbewu zomwe zingalimidwe

Pakadali pano, mitundu ya mbewu zoyenera mafakitale a zomera ndi yochepa kwambiri, makamaka ndiwo zamasamba zobiriwira zomwe zimakula mofulumira, zimalandira mosavuta magwero a kuwala kopangidwa, komanso zimakhala ndi denga lochepa. Kubzala kwakukulu sikungatheke chifukwa cha zovuta zobzala (monga mbewu zomwe zimafunika kupopedwa, ndi zina zotero).

3.2 Ndondomeko Yachitukuko

Poganizira mavuto omwe makampani opanga mafakitale akukumana nawo, ndikofunikira kuchita kafukufuku wosiyanasiyana monga ukadaulo ndi kagwiridwe ka ntchito. Poyankha mavuto omwe alipo, njira zothanirana ndi vutoli ndi izi:

(1) Kulimbitsa kafukufuku waukadaulo wanzeru wa mafakitale a zomera ndikukweza mulingo wa kayendetsedwe kabwino komanso kokonzedwa bwino. Kupanga njira yanzeru yoyendetsera ndi kulamulira kumathandiza kukwaniritsa kayendetsedwe kabwino komanso kokonzedwa bwino kwa mafakitale a zomera, zomwe zingachepetse ndalama zogwirira ntchito ndikupulumutsa antchito.

(2) Kupanga zida zaukadaulo zogwira ntchito bwino komanso zogwira mtima za fakitale ya zomera kuti zikwaniritse zabwino komanso zokolola zambiri pachaka. Kupanga malo olima ndi zida zogwirira ntchito bwino, ukadaulo wowunikira wosunga mphamvu ndi zida zina, ndi zina zotero, kuti ziwongolere kuchuluka kwanzeru kwa mafakitale a zomera, kumathandiza kuti pakhale kupanga bwino kwambiri pachaka.

(3) Kuchita kafukufuku pa ukadaulo wa ulimi wa mafakitale pa zomera zopindulitsa kwambiri monga zomera zamankhwala, zomera zachipatala, ndi ndiwo zamasamba zosowa, kuwonjezera mitundu ya mbewu zomwe zimalimidwa m'mafakitale opanga zomera, kukulitsa njira zopezera phindu, ndikukonza poyambira phindu.

(4) Kuchita kafukufuku pa mafakitale opangira zomera kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'nyumba ndi m'mabizinesi, kukulitsa mitundu ya mafakitale opangira zomera, ndikupeza phindu lopitilira ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana.

4. Kukula kwa Chitukuko ndi Kuyembekezeka kwa Fakitale Yopangira Zomera

4.1 Njira Yopangira Ukadaulo

4.1.1 Kuphunzira zinthu zonse

Kutengera njira yolumikizira makina ndi njira yopewera kutayika kwa makina a makina ndi maloboti, njira zobzala ndi kukolola zothamanga kwambiri komanso zosawononga, malo ogawidwa olondola komanso njira zowongolera zogwirira ntchito zamakina ambiri, komanso kubzala kopanda anthu, kogwira mtima komanso kosawononga m'mafakitale akuluakulu a zomera - Ma robot anzeru ndi zida zothandizira monga kubzala-kukolola-kunyamula ziyenera kupangidwa, potero kuzindikira ntchito yopanda anthu ya njira yonse.

4.1.2 Pangani ulamuliro wa kupanga kukhala wanzeru

Kutengera njira yoyankhira kukula ndi chitukuko cha mbewu ku kuwala, kutentha, chinyezi, kuchuluka kwa CO2, kuchuluka kwa michere ya michere, ndi EC, chitsanzo chowerengera cha momwe mbewu zimayankhira chilengedwe chiyenera kupangidwira. Chitsanzo chachikulu chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti chifufuze bwino za moyo wa masamba ndi magawo a malo opangira. Njira yodziwira matenda ndi njira zowongolera njira za chilengedwe ziyeneranso kukhazikitsidwa. Njira yolumikizirana yogwiritsira ntchito makina ambiri yopangira zisankho zaukadaulo wochita kupanga pa ntchito yonse yopanga fakitale yaulimi yokwera kwambiri iyenera kupangidwa.

4.1.3 Kupanga mpweya wochepa komanso kusunga mphamvu

Kukhazikitsa njira yoyendetsera mphamvu yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso monga dzuwa ndi mphepo kuti ikwaniritse kutumiza mphamvu ndikuwongolera momwe mphamvu imagwiritsidwira ntchito kuti ikwaniritse zolinga zabwino zoyendetsera mphamvu. Kugwira ndikugwiritsanso ntchito mpweya wa CO2 kuti uthandize kupanga mbewu.

4.1.3 Mtengo wapamwamba wa mitundu yapamwamba

Njira zothekera ziyenera kutengedwa kuti mubereke mitundu yosiyanasiyana yopindulitsa kwambiri yobzalira, kumanga nkhokwe ya akatswiri aukadaulo wa ulimi, kuchita kafukufuku paukadaulo wa ulimi, kusankha kuchulukana kwa mbewu, kukonza mapesi, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi zida zosinthira, ndikupanga zofunikira pa ulimi.

4.2 Kuthekera kwa chitukuko cha mafakitale

Mafakitale a zomera akhoza kuchotsa zoletsa za chuma ndi chilengedwe, kuzindikira kupanga ulimi wa mafakitale, ndikukopa mibadwo yatsopano ya ogwira ntchito kuti achite nawo ulimi. Kupangidwa kwatsopano kwaukadaulo ndi mafakitale m'mafakitale a zomera ku China kukukhala mtsogoleri padziko lonse lapansi. Ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mwachangu kwa gwero la kuwala kwa LED, kusintha kwa digito, makina odziyimira pawokha, ndi ukadaulo wanzeru m'mafakitale a zomera, mafakitale a zomera adzakopa ndalama zambiri, kusonkhanitsa maluso, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zatsopano, zipangizo zatsopano, ndi zida zatsopano. Mwanjira imeneyi, kuphatikiza mozama kwa ukadaulo wazidziwitso ndi malo ndi zida zitha kuchitika, kuchuluka kwa zinthu ndi zida zanzeru komanso zopanda anthu kumatha kukonzedwa, kuchepetsa kosalekeza kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi ndi ndalama zogwirira ntchito kudzera muukadaulo wopitilira, komanso kulima pang'onopang'ono misika yapadera, mafakitale anzeru a zomera adzabweretsa nthawi yagolide ya chitukuko.

Malinga ndi malipoti ofufuza za msika, kukula kwa msika wapadziko lonse wa ulimi wokhazikika mu 2020 ndi US$2.9 biliyoni yokha, ndipo akuyembekezeka kuti pofika chaka cha 2025, kukula kwa msika wapadziko lonse wa ulimi wokhazikika kudzafika US$30 biliyoni. Mwachidule, mafakitale a zomera ali ndi mwayi waukulu wogwiritsa ntchito komanso malo okulirapo.

Wolemba: Zengchan Zhou, Weidong, etc

Chidziwitso cha mawu:Mkhalidwe Wapano ndi Ziyembekezo za Kukula kwa Makampani a Mafakitale a Zomera [J]. Ukadaulo wa Uinjiniya wa Zaulimi, 2022, 42(1): 18-23.by Zengchan Zhou, Wei Dong, Xiugang Li, et al.