Wolemba: Zhang Chaoqin. Chitsime: DIGITIMES

Kuwonjezeka kwa anthu mwachangu komanso chitukuko cha mizinda chikuyembekezeka kulimbikitsa chitukuko ndi kukula kwa mafakitale a minda yozungulira. Minda yozungulira imaonedwa kuti imatha kuthetsa mavuto ena okhudzana ndi kupanga chakudya, koma kaya ikhoza kukhala yankho lokhazikika pakupanga chakudya, akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti pali mavuto ena.

Malinga ndi malipoti a Food Navigator ndi The Guardian, komanso kafukufuku wa bungwe la United Nations, chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lonse lapansi chidzakwera kuchoka pa anthu 7.3 biliyoni omwe alipo pano kufika pa anthu 8.5 biliyoni mu 2030, ndi anthu 9.7 biliyoni mu 2050. FAO ikuyerekeza kuti kuti anthu athe kudyetsa anthu mu 2050, chakudya chidzakwera ndi 70% poyerekeza ndi chaka cha 2007, ndipo pofika chaka cha 2050, tirigu padziko lonse lapansi uyenera kuwonjezeka kuchoka pa matani 2.1 biliyoni kufika pa matani 3 biliyoni. Nyama iyenera kuwirikiza kawiri, kufika pa matani 470 miliyoni.

Kusintha ndi kuwonjezera malo ambiri oti agwiritsidwe ntchito pa ulimi sikungathetse vutoli m'maiko ena. Dziko la UK lagwiritsa ntchito 72% ya malo ake pa ulimi, koma likufunikabe kuitanitsa chakudya kuchokera kumayiko ena. Dziko la United Kingdom likuyesetsanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zolimira, monga kugwiritsa ntchito ngalande zozungulira ndege zomwe zinatsala pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse kuti zibzalidwe m'malo obiriwira. Woyambitsa Richard Ballard akukonzekeranso kukulitsa malo obzala mu 2019.

Kumbali ina, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ndi vuto linanso pakupanga chakudya. Malinga ndi ziwerengero za OECD, pafupifupi 70% ya madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafamu. Kusintha kwa nyengo kumawonjezeranso mavuto opanga. Kukula kwa mizinda kumafunanso kuti njira yopangira chakudya idyetse anthu okhala m'mizinda omwe akukula mofulumira omwe ali ndi antchito ochepa akumidzi, malo ochepa komanso madzi ochepa. Nkhanizi zikuyendetsa chitukuko cha minda yoyima.
Makhalidwe osagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri a minda yoyima adzabweretsa mwayi wolola ulimi kulowa mumzinda, ndipo ukhozanso kukhala pafupi ndi ogula m'mizinda. Mtunda wochokera ku famu kupita kwa ogula umachepetsedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti unyolo wonse wogulira zinthu ukhale wochepa, ndipo ogula m'mizinda adzakhala ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi magwero a chakudya komanso kupeza mosavuta zakudya zatsopano. Kale, sizinali zophweka kwa okhala m'mizinda kupeza chakudya chatsopano chathanzi. Minda yoyima imatha kumangidwa mwachindunji kukhitchini kapena kumbuyo kwawo. Uwu udzakhala uthenga wofunika kwambiri womwe uperekedwa ndi chitukuko cha minda yoyima.

Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito njira yoyendetsera ulimi wa vertical farm kudzakhudza kwambiri njira yogulitsira zinthu zachikhalidwe, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala achikhalidwe monga feteleza wopangidwa, mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi mankhwala ophera udzu kudzachepa kwambiri. Kumbali ina, kufunikira kwa machitidwe a HVAC ndi machitidwe owongolera kudzawonjezeka kuti zinthu ziyende bwino kwambiri pa kayendetsedwe ka nyengo ndi madzi a m'mitsinje. Ulimi wozungulira nthawi zambiri umagwiritsa ntchito magetsi apadera a LED kuti azitha kutsanzira kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi zida zina kuti akhazikitse kapangidwe ka mkati kapena panja.

Kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha minda yoyima imaphatikizanso "ukadaulo wanzeru" womwe watchulidwa pamwambapa wowunikira momwe chilengedwe chilili komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino madzi ndi mchere. Ukadaulo wa intaneti ya Zinthu (IoT) udzakhalanso ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri. Ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kulemba deta ya kukula kwa zomera. Kukolola kwa mbewu kudzatsatiridwa ndikuyang'aniridwa ndi makompyuta kapena mafoni am'manja m'malo ena.

Mafamu oima molunjika amatha kupanga chakudya chochuluka ndi nthaka yochepa komanso madzi ochepa, ndipo ali kutali ndi feteleza woopsa wa mankhwala ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Komabe, mashelufu odzaza m'chipindamo amafunikira mphamvu zambiri kuposa ulimi wachikhalidwe. Ngakhale pali mawindo mchipindamo, kuwala kochita kupanga nthawi zambiri kumafunika chifukwa cha zifukwa zina zoletsa. Njira yowongolera nyengo ingapereke malo abwino kwambiri okuliramo, komanso imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero kuchokera ku UK Department of Agriculture, letesi imalimidwa m'nyumba yobiriwira, ndipo akuti mphamvu ya pafupifupi 250 kWh (kilowatt ola) imafunika pa mita imodzi ya malo obzala chaka chilichonse. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wogwirizana wa German DLR Research Center, famu yoyima yofanana ndi malo obzala imafuna mphamvu yodabwitsa ya 3,500 kWh pachaka. Chifukwa chake, momwe mungakulitsire kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu moyenera kudzakhala nkhani yofunika kwambiri pakukula kwaukadaulo kwa minda yoyima mtsogolo.

Kuphatikiza apo, minda yozungulira imakumananso ndi mavuto azachuma. Akangogwirizana ndi makampani opanga mabizinesi, mabizinesi amatha. Mwachitsanzo, Paignton Zoo ku Devon, UK, idakhazikitsidwa mu 2009. Idali imodzi mwa makampani oyamba kupanga mabizinesi ozungulira. Idagwiritsa ntchito njira ya VertiCrop kulima ndiwo zamasamba. Patatha zaka zisanu, chifukwa cha kusakwanira kwa ndalama zomwe zidaperekedwa, njirayo idalowanso m'mbiri. Kampani yotsatira inali Valcent, yomwe pambuyo pake idadzakhala Alterrus, ndipo idayamba kukhazikitsa njira yobzala zomera padenga ku Canada, yomwe pamapeto pake idatha ndi bankirapuse.