Wolemba: Zhang Chaoqin.Gwero: DIGITIMES

Kuchulukirachulukira kwachiwerengero cha anthu komanso momwe chitukuko chakumidzi chikuyembekezeredwa kulimbikitsa ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko ndi kukula kwa mafakitale oyimirira.Mafamu osunthika amaonedwa kuti amatha kuthetsa mavuto ena opanga chakudya, koma ngati atha kukhala njira yokhazikika yopangira chakudya, akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti pali zovuta zenizeni.

Malinga ndi malipoti a Food Navigator ndi The Guardian, komanso kafukufuku wa bungwe la United Nations, chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lonse chidzakwera kuchoka pa anthu 7.3 biliyoni omwe alipo panopa kufika pa anthu 8.5 biliyoni mu 2030, ndi anthu 9.7 biliyoni mu 2050. FAO ikuyerekeza kuti kukumana ndi kudyetsa anthu mchaka cha 2050, kupanga chakudya kudzakwera ndi 70% poyerekeza ndi 2007, ndipo pofika 2050 ulimi wambewu padziko lonse lapansi uyenera kuwonjezeka kuchoka pa matani 2.1 biliyoni kufika matani 3 biliyoni.Nyama iyenera kuwirikiza kawiri, ikukwera mpaka matani 470 miliyoni.

Kusintha ndi kuwonjezera malo ambiri olimapo sikungathetse vutoli m'mayiko ena.UK yagwiritsa ntchito 72% ya malo ake popanga ulimi, koma ikufunikabe kuitanitsa chakudya kuchokera kunja.Dziko la United Kingdom likuyeseranso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zaulimi, monga kugwiritsa ntchito ngalande zowononga mpweya zomwe zatsala pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse kuti zibzale wowonjezera kutentha.Woyambitsa Richard Ballard akukonzekeranso kukulitsa mitundu yobzala mu 2019.

Kumbali ina, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi kumalepheretsanso kupanga chakudya.Malinga ndi ziwerengero za OECD, pafupifupi 70% ya madzi amagwiritsa ntchito m'mafamu.Kusintha kwanyengo kumakulitsanso zovuta zopanga.Kukula kwa mizinda kumafunanso njira yopangira chakudya kuti idyetse anthu omwe akuchulukirachulukira akumidzi okhala ndi antchito akumidzi ochepa, malo ochepa komanso madzi ochepa.Nkhanizi zikuyendetsa chitukuko cha minda yoyimirira.
Makhalidwe osagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono a minda yoyimirira adzabweretsa mwayi wololeza ulimi kulowa mumzinda, komanso kukhala pafupi ndi ogula akumidzi.Mtunda wochokera ku famu kupita kwa ogula wachepetsedwa, kufupikitsa njira yonse yogulitsira, ndipo ogula m'tauni adzakhala ndi chidwi ndi zakudya komanso kupeza mosavuta kupanga zakudya zatsopano.Kale, sikunali kophweka kwa anthu okhala m’tauni kupeza chakudya chopatsa thanzi.Mafamu oyima amatha kumangidwa mwachindunji kukhitchini kapena kuseri kwawo.Uwu udzakhala uthenga wofunikira kwambiri woperekedwa ndi chitukuko cha minda yoyimirira.

Kuphatikiza apo, kutengera mtundu wa famu yoyima kudzakhala ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu pazaulimi wanthawi zonse, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azikhalidwe zaulimi monga feteleza opangira, mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso mankhwala ophera udzu kuchepetsedwa kwambiri.Kumbali inayi, kufunikira kwa machitidwe a HVAC ndi machitidwe owongolera azikwera kuti azikhala ndi nyengo yabwino pakuwongolera madzi a mitsinje.Ulimi wa Vertical nthawi zambiri umagwiritsa ntchito nyali zapadera za LED kutengera kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi zida zina kuti zikhazikitse zomangamanga zamkati kapena zakunja.

Kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha minda yoyimirira akuphatikizanso "ukadaulo wanzeru" womwe watchulidwa pamwambapa wowunikira momwe chilengedwe chikuyendera komanso kukhathamiritsa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka madzi ndi mchere.Tekinoloje ya intaneti ya Zinthu (IoT) itenganso gawo lofunikira.Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kulemba deta ya kukula kwa zomera.Zokolola za mbewu zitha kufufuzidwa ndikuwunikidwa ndi makompyuta kapena mafoni am'manja m'malo ena.

Mafamu oyima amatha kutulutsa chakudya chochuluka ndi nthaka ndi madzi ochepa, ndipo ali kutali ndi feteleza wamankhwala owopsa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.Komabe, mashelufu odzaza m'chipindamo amafunikira mphamvu zambiri kuposa ulimi wamba.Ngakhale mu chipindacho muli mazenera, kuwala kochita kupanga nthawi zambiri kumafunika chifukwa cha zifukwa zina zoletsa.Dongosolo lowongolera nyengo limatha kukulitsa malo abwino kwambiri okulirapo, komanso limakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero zochokera ku dipatimenti ya zaulimi ku UK, letesi amabzalidwa mu greenhouse, ndipo akuti pafupifupi 250 kWh (kilowatt ola) yamphamvu imafunika pa lalikulu mita imodzi ya malo obzala chaka chilichonse.Malinga ndi kafukufuku wothandizana nawo wa German DLR Research Center, famu yoyima ya malo obzalamo kukula imafuna mphamvu yodabwitsa ya 3,500 kWh pachaka.Chifukwa chake, momwe mungasinthire kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwamphamvu kovomerezeka kudzakhala mutu wofunikira pakukula kwaukadaulo wamtsogolo wamafamu ofukula.

Kuphatikiza apo, minda yoyimirira imakhalanso ndi mavuto azandalama.Mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono akangogwirana manja, mabizinesi azamalonda atha.Mwachitsanzo, Paignton Zoo ku Devon, UK, idakhazikitsidwa mu 2009. Inali imodzi mwamafamu oyambilira oyimirira.Idagwiritsa ntchito njira ya VertiCrop kulima masamba amasamba.Zaka zisanu pambuyo pake, chifukwa cha ndalama zosakwanira zotsatila, dongosololi linapitanso m'mbiri.Kampani yotsatila inali Valcent, yomwe pambuyo pake inadzakhala Alterrus, ndipo inayamba kukhazikitsa njira yobzala nyumba yotentha padenga ku Canada, yomwe pamapeto pake inatha mu bankirapuse.