Chiyambi

Kuwala kumachita mbali yofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa mbewu. Ndiwo feteleza wabwino kwambiri wolimbikitsa kuyamwa kwa mbewu chlorophyll ndi kuyamwa kwa mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yazomera monga carotene. Komabe, chinthu chomwe chimatsimikizira kukula kwa mbewu ndi chinthu chokwanira, komanso kusayanjana ndi kukhazikika kwa madzi, nthaka ndi feteleza, zokulira muukadaulo.

M'zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zapitazi, pakhala malipoti osatha pa kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo woyaka ma semiconductor pogwiritsa ntchito mafakitale atatu kapena kumera. Koma atawerenga mosamala, nthawi zambiri pamakhala wopanda nkhawa. Nthawi zambiri, palibe kumvetsetsa kwenikweni za kuunika kwanji komwe tiyenera kuchita mu mbewu zakukula.

Choyamba, tiyeni timvetsetse mawonekedwe a dzuwa, monga tikuonera Chithunzi 1. Itha kuwoneka kuti mawonekedwe a dzuwa ndi othamanga, omwe Spectrum ya buluu ndi yobiriwira imakhala yochokera 380 mpaka 780 nm. Kukula kwa zolengedwa mwachilengedwe kumakhudzana ndi kukula kwa mawonekedwe. Mwachitsanzo, mbewu zambiri m'derali pafupi ndi equator zimathamanga kwambiri, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, kukula kwa kukula kwawo ndi kwakukulu. Koma kulimbikira kwa kutulutsa kwa dzuwa sikwabwino, ndipo pali kusinthika kwina kwa kukula kwa nyama ndi mbewu.

Chithunzi 1, mikhalidwe ya Spectrumu Spectrumu ndi kuwala kwake kowoneka

Kachiwiri, chithunzi chachiwiri cha mayape owoneka bwino kwambiri cha kukula kwa mbewu chikuwonetsedwa pa Chithunzi 2.

Chithunzi 2, mayamwidwe a Auxins angapo akukula

Itha kuwoneka kuchokera pa Chithunzi 2 kuti kuwunika kwa mayalankhulidwe kazinthu zingapo zofunika kuzikulitsa kumeneku kumakhudza kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi kumera si nkhani yophweka, koma yoyang'aniridwa kwambiri. Pano ndikofunikira kuyambitsa malingaliro a zinthu ziwiri zofunika kwambiri za photomody.

• chlorophyll

Chlorophyll ndi amodzi mwa utoto wofunikira kwambiri wokhudzana ndi photosynthesis. Imakhalapo mu zolengedwa zonse zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa photosynthesis, kuphatikiza mbewu zobiriwira, prokaryotic abuluu-green algae (cyanobacteria) ndi Eukaryotic Algae. Chlorophyll amatenga mphamvu kuchokera ku kuwala, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kutembenuza mpweya woipa kukhala chakudya.

Chlorophyll amatenga kuwala kofiyira, ndipo chlorophyll b makamaka amatenga kuyatsa kwabuluu-vielet, makamaka kusiyanitsa zobzala zobzala za dzuwa. Chiwerengero cha chlorophyll b ku chlorophyll Aade mbewu ndi yaying'ono, motero mbewu zamthunzi zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa buluu mwamphamvu ndikusintha kuti ndikulitse mthunzi. Chlorophyll abuluu-wobiriwira, ndi chlorophyll b ndi chikasu-chobiriwira. Pali mitundu iwiri ya zomangira za chlorophyll a ndi chlorophyll b, imodzi kudera lofiira ndi mawonekedwe a 630-680 nm, ndipo winayo mu dera la buluu-vingle ndi mawonekedwe a 400-460 nm.

• Carotenoids

Carootenoids ndiye gawo lalikulu la mitundu yofunika kwambiri ya zinthu zachilengedwe, yomwe nthawi zambiri imapezeka mu chikasu, yofiyira yofiira kapena masamba ofiira mu nyama, mbewu zapamwamba, bowa, ndi algae. Pakadali pano, zopitilira 600 zachilengedwe zapezeka.

Kuwala kwa ma cartotenoids kumakwirira mitundu ya oden3003 ~ 505 nm, yomwe imapereka mtundu wa chakudya ndikukhudzanso thupi la chakudya. Ku Algae, mbewu, ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, mtundu wake umaphimbidwa ndi chlorophyll ndipo sangawonekere. Mu maselo obzala, ma carotenoids amangotulutsa ndi kusintha mphamvu kuti athandize photosytynthecnule osakhazikika ndi mamolekyulu osakwatiwa.

Kusamvetsetsana kwa malingaliro ena

Mosasamala kanthu za kupulumutsa mphamvu, kusankhidwa kwa kuwala ndi mgwirizano wa kuwala, kuyatsa kwa semiconductork kwawonetsa zabwino zambiri. Komabe, kuchokera pakukula kwa zaka ziwiri zapitazi, tawonanso kusamvana kwambiri pakupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala, komwe kumawonekera makamaka muzinthu zotsatirazi.

Zippata zazifupi ndi zipsera zofiira komanso zamtambo zomwe zimaphatikizika, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu kulima mbewu, mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa zofiira mpaka 4: 1, 6: 1, 9: 1 .

Bola lalitali monga momwe limayatsira kuwala kwa Dzuwa, monga Tube la Dzuwa Lalikulu Loyera Kwambiri ku Japan, etc. Kugwiritsa ntchito kochititsa chidwi Osati bwino ngati gwero lopepuka lopangidwa ndi LED.

③as bola ngati PPFD (yowala ya flux flux), fanizo lofunikira la kuwunikira, likafika muno, mwachitsanzo, PPFD-2. Komabe, mukamagwiritsa ntchito chizindikiritso ichi, muyenera kusamala ngati chomera cha mthunzi kapena chomera cha dzuwa. Muyenera kufunsa kapena kupeza malo obwezeretsanso obwezeretsanso mbewu izi, zomwe zimatchedwanso ndalama zopepuka. Pa mapulogalamu enieni, mbande nthawi zambiri amawotchedwa kapena ofota. Chifukwa chake, kapangidwe kake kameneka kuyenera kupangidwira malinga ndi mitundu ya mbewu, kukula ndi mikhalidwe.

Ponena za gawo loyamba, monga momwe mawu oyamba, owonetsera mawonekedwe amafunikira kuti mbewu zikule iyenera kukhala yopitilira njira yofananira ndi gawo linalake. Mwachidziwikire ndiosayenera kugwiritsa ntchito gwero la chipika champhamvu kwambiri chofiyira komanso lamtambo chokhala ndi spectrum kwambiri (monga momwe chithunzi 3). Poyesera, zinapezeka kuti mbewu zimakhala zachikasu, tsamba limayambira ndi kuwala kwambiri, ndipo masamba a tsamba ndionenepa kwambiri.

Kwa machubu olumbira ndi mitundu itatu yoyambirira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zaka zapitazi, ngakhale yoyera, yofiira, yobiriwira, yobiriwira, ndipo m'lifupi mwake. Mphamvu yamphamvu yotsatirayi ndi yofooka, ndipo mphamvuyo idakali yokulirapo poyerekeza ndi ma LED, 1.5 mpaka katatu kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito zotsatira sizabwino monga magetsi a LED.

Chithunzi 3, chofiira ndi chabuluu chofiira chip LAMVARD DRORD DRORE NDI MALO OGULITSIRA MALO OGULITSIRA MALO OGULITSIRA

PPFD ndiye kuwala kwachangu kwa flux flux, komwe kumatanthauza kuchuluka kwa ma radiation owunikira mu photosynthemu . Chipinda chake ndi · m-2 - 1 (·mol'l · 1). Photosyntheynty yogwira ma radiation (par) amatanthauza kununkhira kwa dzuwa lonse ndi mafunde osiyanasiyana 400 mpaka 700 nm. Itha kufotokozedwanso ndi kuchuluka kwa kulemera kapena ndi mphamvu yowala.

M'mbuyomu, kuwala kwa kuunika kumawonekera ndi kuwunikira kwa chomera, koma kutalika kwa chomera kumasintha chifukwa cha kuwalaku kuchokera ku chomeracho, Kuwala Kumawala komanso Kuwala kumatha chifukwa cha masamba. Chifukwa chake, sizolondola kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chizindikiritso champhamvu kwambiri pophunzira photosynthesis.

Nthawi zambiri, makina a photosynthesis amatha kukhazikitsidwa pomwe ppfd yotentha yodzikongoletsera dzuwa ndi yayikulu kuposa 50 μmol · 1, pomwe ppfd ya mbeu ya shady . Chifukwa chake, pogula a LED ikuwala, mutha kusankha kuchuluka kwa magetsi a LED malinga ndi mtengo wake ndi mtundu wa mbewu zomwe mumabzala. Mwachitsanzo, ngati ppfd ya LgFD imodzi ndi 20 μmol · 1 · 1 · 2 · 2 · 1, obzala mababu atatu obzala amafunika kukula zomera zokonda dzuwa.

Njira zingapo zosinthira za Semiconducking Kuyatsa

Kuyatsa semiconducki kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mbewu kapena kubzala, ndipo pali njira ziwiri zofunika.

• Pakadali pano, mtundu wobzala wapakati umatentha kwambiri ku China. Mtunduwu uli ndi mawonekedwe angapo:

Magetsi a magetsi a LED ndikupereka mawonekedwe owunikira
Mapangidwe a magetsi a LED amafunika kuganizira kupitilizabe komanso kukhulupirika kwa mawonekedwe;
Chi- ③ gwiritsani ntchito moyenera nthawi yowunikira ndikuyatsa mphamvu, monga kulola mbewu kupumula kwa maola angapo, kukula kwa irradiation sikokwanira kapena yamphamvu kwambiri, etc.;
Njira yonseyi imafunikira kutsanzira zofunikira ndi zomwe zimafunikira ndi zomwe zili panja panja, monga chinyezi, kutentha ndi cut.

• Kubzala zakunja kokhala ndi maziko abwino obzala. Makhalidwe a mtunduwu ndi awa:

- Udindo wa magetsi a LED ndikuwonjezera kuwala. Chimodzi ndikuwonjezera kukula kwa buluu ndi madera ofiira omwe amapangitsa kuti dzuwa liziwalitsa
- Kuwala kowonjezereka kumafunikira kuganizira za kukula komwe mbewuyo ilimo, monga nthawi ya mmera kapena maluwa ndi zipatso.

Chifukwa chake, mapangidwe a chomera cha LED akukula ayenera kukhala ndi mitundu iwiri yoyambira, yowunikira 24h (m'nyumba) ndi kukula kwa mbewu zokulitsa (kunja). Pamitengo yanyumba, mapangidwe a magetsi a LED amafunika kuganizira zinthu zitatu, monga zikuwonekera pa Chithunzi 4. Sizotheka kuvota tchipisi ndi mitundu itatu yoyambirira.

Chithunzi 4, lingaliro lopanga nyumba yoyendetsedwa ndi kumera

Mwachitsanzo, kwa mawonekedwe mu gawo la nazale, poganiza kuti ziyenera kulimbitsa kukula kwa mizu ndi zimayambira, kulimbitsa nthambi za masamba, ndipo gwero lowunikira limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati momwe chithunzi 5.

Chithunzi 5, zojambula zoyenerera zoyenerera za Iroor Iroor nthawi ya nazale

Pakuti kapangidwe ka mtundu wachiwiri wa kutsogolela, kumalinganiza makamaka njira yowonjezera yowonjezera kuti ikweze kubzala m'munsi mwa wowonjezera kutentha. Lingaliro la kapangidwe limasonyezedwa mu Chithunzi 6.

Chithunzi 6, kupanga malingaliro a kunja kukulira 

Wolembayo akusonyeza kuti makampani ambiri obzala amatengera njira yachiwiri yogwiritsira ntchito magetsi otsogola kuti apititse patsogolo kukula kwa mbewu.

Choyamba, kubzala zakunja kwa China kumatha kuwononga ndalama zambiri komanso zokumana nazo zambiri, kumwera ndi kumpoto. Ili ndi maziko abwino aukadaulo wowonjezera kutentha ndipo amapereka zipatso zambiri zatsopano pamsika wa mizinda yozungulira. Makamaka munthanga ya dothi ndi madzi ndi feteleza wolemera apangidwa.

Kachiwiri, mtundu uwu wa njira yopezera yowonjezera ingachepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zosafunikira, ndipo nthawi yomweyo imatha kuwonjezera zokolola za zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Kuphatikiza apo, dera lalikulu la China ndilofunika kwambiri polimbikitsa.

Monga kafukufuku wasayansi kwa kuyatsa kwatsanzi, kumaperekanso zoyesera zazikulu chifukwa cha izo. Mkuyu. Ndi mtundu wa LED kuuma ukuyambitsidwa ndi gulu lofufuzira lija, lomwe ndi loyenera kukula kwa greenhouse, ndipo mawonekedwe ake akuwonetsedwa mu mkuyu. 8.

Chithunzi 7, mtundu wa LED

Chithunzi 8, mawonekedwe amtundu wa mtundu wa LED

Malinga ndi malingaliro omwe ali pamwambawa, gulu lofufuzira lidayesayesa zingapo, ndipo zoyeserera ndizofunika kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kuwunika mu nazale, nyali yoyamba yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nyali yolumala yokhala ndi mphamvu ya 32 w ndi nazale masiku 40. Timapereka kuwala kwa 12 W kunka, komwe kumachepetsa mmera mpaka masiku 30, kumachepetsa nthawi yotentha ya nyali mummera, ndipo amapulumutsa kumwa mphamvu kwa mpweya. Kukula, kutalika ndi mtundu wa mbande ndizabwino kuposa njira yoyambira kudzutsa. Kwa mbande za masamba wamba, zotsimikizika zabwino zapezekanso, zomwe zimafotokozedwa mwachidule patebulo lotsatirali.

Zina mwa izo, zowonjezera zowonjezera Ppfd: 70-80 μmol-2, ndi radio yofiira: 0.6-0.7. Mitundu ya masana masana ya gulu lachilengedwe inali 40 ~ 800 · 100 ·MOl · 1 ·mol · 1 ·mol · 1 ·mol · 1 ·mol ·mbol ·mbol ·mbol ·mbol · 1 ·mol · 1 ·mol · 1 ·mol · 1 ·mol · 1 ·mol · 1 ·mol · 1 ·mol · 1- 11, ndi chiwerengero cha ofiira ku Blue chinali 0.6 ~ 1.2. Itha kuwoneka kuti zizindikiro pamwambapa ndizabwino kuposa zomwe zimakula mwachilengedwe.

Mapeto

Nkhaniyi idze kuyambitsa zomwe zachitika posachedwa pakugwiritsa ntchito kwa LED mu kulima mbewu, ndikuwonetsa kusamvana kwinaku pakugwiritsa ntchito kwa LED kumawunikira. Pomaliza, malingaliro ndi malingaliro aluso pakukula kwa magetsi a LED yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukula kwa mbewu imayambitsidwa. Ziyenera kufotokozedwa kuti palinso zinthu zina zofunika kuzilingalira mu kuyika ndikugwiritsa ntchito kuwalako, monga mtunda pakati pa kuwala ndi mbewu, komanso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito kuwala ndi Madzi abwinobwino, feteleza, ndi nthaka.

Wolemba: YI Wang et al. Gwero: Cnki