Wolemba: Changji Zhou, Hongbo Li, etc.

Gwero la Nkhani: Greenhouse Horticulture Agricultural Engineering Technology

Awa ndi malo oyesera a Haidian District Agricultural Science Institute, komanso Haidian Agricultural High-tech Exhibition and Science Park.Mu 2017, wolembayo adatsogolera kukhazikitsidwa kwa filimu yoyesera ya pulasitiki yamitundu ingapo yokhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu kochokera ku South Korea.Pakadali pano, Director Zheng wasintha kukhala chowonjezera chowonjezera cha sitiroberi chophatikiza ukadaulo, kuwona malo ndi kutola, zosangalatsa komanso zosangalatsa.Amatchedwa "5G Cloud Strawberry", ndipo ndikutengerani kuti mukakumane nawo limodzi.

Strawberry Wowonjezera Kubzala ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Malo Ake

Shelufu yokwezeka ya sitiroberi ndi dongosolo lopachika

Kulima kagawo ndi kulima njira

Malo olima amaika madzi ndi ngalande pansi pa malo olimapo, ndipo m'mphepete mwake amakwezedwa kunja pakati pa pansi pa malo olimapo mbali yayitali (kuchokera mkati mwa malo olimapo, poyambira pansi. imapangidwa pansi).Madzi opezeka pamalo olima amayikidwa mwachindunji pansi pano, ndipo madzi otuluka kuchokera pamalo olima amasonkhanitsidwanso mofanana, ndipo pamapeto pake amachotsedwa kumapeto kwa malo olima.

Ubwino wobzala strawberries ndi mphika wolima ndikuti pansi pa mphika wolima umalekanitsidwa kuchokera pansi pa malo olimapo, ndipo m'munsi mwa gawo lapansi sipangapanga mpweya wabwino, komanso mpweya wokwanira. gawo lapansi likuyenda bwino;Idzafalikira ndi kutuluka kwa madzi amthirira;Chachitatu, sipadzakhala kutayikira pamene gawo lapansi layikidwa mumphika wolima, ndipo shelefu yolima imakhala yabwino komanso yokongola kwathunthu.kuipa kwa njira imeneyi makamaka kuti kudontha ulimi wothirira ndi kulima poto kubzala kumawonjezera ndalama pomanga zida.

Kukula mipata ndi miphika

Kulima rack yolendewera ndi kukweza dongosolo

Dongosolo lolendewera ndi kunyamulira shelefu yolima kwenikweni ndi yofanana ndi shelefu yachikhalidwe yonyamula sitiroberi.Chingwe cholendewera cha malo olima chimazungulira malo olimapo, ndikulumikiza chomangira cholendewera ndi gudumu lobwerera kumbuyo ndi zomangira zadengu lamaluwa zomwe zimatha kusintha kutalika kwake (zogwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza kusasinthasintha kwa kutalika kwa kuyika kwa malo olima).Pa chord cham'munsi, mapeto ena amalangidwa pa gudumu lolumikizidwa ndi shaft yoyendetsa galimoto.

Kulima alumali yopachika dongosolo

Pamaziko a dongosolo lonse la hanger lapadziko lonse lapansi, kuti akwaniritse zosowa za mawonekedwe apadera a gawo lolimapo komanso zofunikira zowonera malo, zida zina zamunthu payekha komanso zida zimapangidwanso mwaluso pano.

(1) Kulima popachika mashelufu.Chingwe cholendewera cha shelefu yolima poyamba chimakhala chotsekeka, chomwe chimapangidwa ndi kupindika ndi kuwotcherera waya wachitsulo.Chigawo chamtanda cha gawo lililonse la chopachika chopachikidwa ndi chofanana, ndipo makina amakina amafanana;Gawo la pansi la kagawo limatenganso kupindika kozungulira kofananira;chachitatu ndi pindani pakati pa chamba mu ngodya pachimake, ndi chapamwamba lamba mwachindunji mbedza pa mapindikira mfundo, amene osati kuonetsetsa khola pakati pa mphamvu yokoka kulima kagawo, komanso sizichitika mapindikidwe ofananira nawo, ndi imawonetsetsanso kuti chingwecho chikokedwe modalirika ndipo sichidzagwedezeka ndi kusuntha.

Kukulitsa alumali

(2) Chingwe chotchingira chitetezo.Pamaziko a dongosolo lopachika lachikhalidwe, njira yowonjezera yopachika chitetezo imayikidwa 6m iliyonse kutalika kwa malo olima.Zofunikira pazowonjezera chitetezo chopachikidwa ndi, choyamba, kuthamanga mogwirizana ndi dongosolo lolendewera pagalimoto;chachiwiri, kukhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira zobereka.Kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zomwe zili pamwambazi, makina opachika kachipangizo kasupe amapangidwa ndikusankhidwa kuti achotse chingwe cholendewera cha malo olima.Mphepo yamkuntho imakonzedwa mofanana ndi chingwe cholendewera choyendetsa galimoto, ndipo imapachikidwa ndikukhazikika pazitsulo zapansi za greenhouse truss.

Zowonjezera Chitetezo Kuyimitsidwa System

Zida zothandizira zopangira zopangira kulima

(1) Makina opangira makhadi.Makhadi a zomera omwe atchulidwa apa amapangidwa makamaka ndi zigawo ziwiri: bulaketi ya makhadi a zomera ndi chingwe chasiliva chachikuda.Pakati pawo, choyikapo makhadi a mbewu ndi gulu lopangidwa ndi khadi yopindika pang'ono komanso yofanana ndi U-yoboola pakati ndi khadi yooneka ngati U yokhala ndi ndodo ziwiri.Pansi ndi pansi theka la khadi lopindidwa ngati U limagwirizana ndi miyeso yakunja ya malo olima, ndikuzungulira malo olima kuchokera pansi;pambuyo nthambi zake ziwiri upambana malo otseguka a kulima kagawo, kupanga mapindikira kulumikiza ndodo malire malire, komanso imagwira ntchito yoletsa mapindikidwe a kutsegula kwa kagawo kulima;ndi kapindika kakang'ono kooneka ngati U komwe kamakhala kotukuka m'mwamba, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza chingwe cholekanitsa masamba a sitiroberi;mbali ya pamwamba ya khadi yooneka ngati U ndi yopindika ngati W pokonza nthambi za sitiroberi ndi masamba akupesa chingwe.Khadi lopindidwa looneka ngati U ndi ndodo yolekezera pawiri zonse zimapangidwa ndi kupinda waya wachitsulo.

Chingwe cholekanitsa masamba a zipatso chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusonkhanitsa nthambi ndi masamba a sitiroberi mkati mwa malo otsegulira malo olimapo, ndikupachika zipatso za sitiroberi kunja kwa malo olima, zomwe sizoyenera kuthyola zipatso, komanso kuteteza sitiroberi ku. mwachindunji kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa madzi mankhwala, ndipo akhoza kusintha yokongola khalidwe kubzala sitiroberi.

Plant carding system

(2) choyikapo chachikasu chosuntha.Choyikapo chachikasu chosunthika chimapangidwa mwapadera, ndiye kuti, mtengo woyimirira wopachika matabwa achikasu ndi abuluu amawotcherera pamatatu, omwe amatha kuyikidwa mwachindunji pansi pawowonjezera kutentha ndipo amatha kusunthidwa nthawi iliyonse.

(3) Galimoto yodzitetezera yodziyendetsa yokha.Galimotoyi imatha kukhala ndi sprayer yoteteza mbewu, ndiye kuti, makina oyendetsa okha, omwe amatha kugwira ntchito zoteteza mbewu popanda ogwira ntchito m'nyumba molingana ndi njira yokonzedwa ndi makompyuta, yomwe ingateteze thanzi la ogwiritsa ntchito greenhouse.

zipangizo zotetezera zomera

Dongosolo Lazakudya Zopatsa Zakudya ndi Njira Yothirira

Njira yothetsera michere ndi ulimi wothirira polojekitiyi imagawidwa m'magulu atatu: imodzi ndi gawo lokonzekera madzi;yachiwiri ndi ulimi wothirira sitiroberi ndi umuna;chachitatu ndi njira yamadzi yobwezeretsanso kulima sitiroberi.Zida zokonzekera madzi omveka bwino ndi dongosolo la mankhwala opangira zakudya zimatchulidwa pamodzi monga mutu wa ulimi wothirira, ndipo zipangizo zoperekera ndi kubwezera madzi ku mbewu zimatchedwa zida zothirira.

Dongosolo Lazakudya Zopatsa Zakudya ndi Njira Yothirira

Mthirira kutsogolo

Zida zokonzera madzi aukhondo ziyenera kukhala ndi mchenga ndi zosefera miyala kuti zichotse mchenga, komanso zida zofewetsa madzi pochotsa mchere.Madzi oyera osefedwa ndi ofewetsedwa amasungidwa mu thanki yosungiramo kuti adzagwiritsidwe ntchito mtsogolo.

Zida zosinthira zopangira michere nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi matanki atatu a feteleza A ndi B, tanki ya asidi yosinthira pH, ndi zosakaniza zosakaniza feteleza.Panthawi yogwira ntchito, yankho la masheya m'matangi A, B ndi thanki ya asidi imakonzedwa ndikusakanikirana molingana ndi makina a feteleza molingana ndi njira yokhazikitsira kuti ipange yankho la michere yaiwisi, ndipo yankho lazakudya lopangidwa ndi makina a feteleza limasungidwa m'sitolo. thanki yosungiramo yankho yoyimilira.

Zida zokonzekera zopangira michere

Njira yoperekera madzi ndi kubwereranso kubzala sitiroberi

Njira yoperekera madzi ndi kubwereranso yobzala sitiroberi imagwiritsa ntchito njira yoperekera madzi apakati ndikubwerera kumapeto kwa malo olima.Popeza malo olima amatengera njira yokwezera ndi kupachika, mitundu iwiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka madzi ndi kubweza mapaipi a malo olima: imodzi ndi chitoliro chokhazikika chokhazikika;chinacho ndi chitoliro chosinthasintha chomwe chimayenda mmwamba ndi pansi ndi kagawo kolima.Pa ulimi wothirira ndi feteleza, madzi amadzimadzi ochokera ku tanki yamadzi omveka bwino ndi thanki yosungiramo madzi yaiwisi amatumizidwa ku makina ophatikizira madzi ndi feteleza kuti asakanize malinga ndi chiwerengero chokhazikitsidwa (njira yosavuta ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pogwiritsira ntchito feteleza wofanana, monga Venturi. , etc., yomwe imatha kuyendetsedwa kapena osayendetsedwa ndi mphamvu) ndiyeno imatumizidwa pamwamba pa hanger yolima kudzera pachitoliro chachikulu chamadzi (chitoliro chachikulu chamadzi chimayikidwa pa greenhouse truss pamtunda wa wowonjezera kutentha), ndi payipi mphira wosinthika amatsogolera madzi ulimi wothirira madzi chitoliro chachikulu cha madzi chitoliro mpaka kumapeto kwa chipika chilichonse kulima, ndiye kulumikiza madzi kunthambi chitoliro anaika mu kagawo kulima.Mipope yanthambi yoperekera madzi m'malo olima imakonzedwa kutalika kwa malo olimapo, ndipo panjira, mipope yodontha imalumikizidwa molingana ndi momwe mphika wolimayo ulili, ndipo michere imagwetsedwa mkatikati mwa kulima. mphika kudzera m'mipope yodontha.Kuchuluka kwa michere komwe kumachokera ku gawo lapansi kumatsanuliridwa mu kabowo kakang'ono kamene kali pansi pa mphika ndi kuponyedwa mu ngalande yomwe ili pansi pa malo olimapo.Sinthani kutalika kwa unsembe wa kagawo kulima kupanga otaya mosalekeza kuchokera mbali imodzi mpaka ina.Pamalo otsetsereka, madzi amthirira omwe amabwerera kuchokera pansi pa malo otsetsereka amafika kumapeto kwa malowo.Kutsegula kumakonzedwa kumapeto kwa malo olima kuti agwirizane ndi thanki yolumikizira yamadzi obwerera, ndipo chitoliro chobwezera chamadzimadzi chimalumikizidwa pansi pa thanki yosonkhanitsa, ndipo madzi obwerera omwe amasonkhanitsidwa amasonkhanitsidwa ndikutulutsidwa mu thanki yamadzi yobwerera.

Njira yothirira madzi ndi kubwereranso

Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi obwerera

Izi wowonjezera kutentha ulimi wothirira madzi madzi sagwiritsa ntchito chatsekedwa- kuzungulira kufalitsidwa kwa sitiroberi kupanga dongosolo, koma kusonkhanitsa kubwerera madzi kubzala sitiroberi kubzala kagawo ndi mwachindunji ntchito kubzala yokongola masamba.Yemweyo atakhazikika kutalika kulima kagawo monga kulima sitiroberi waikidwa pa zinayi zotumphukira makoma a wowonjezera kutentha, ndi kulima kagawo wodzazidwa ndi kulima gawo lapansi kukula yokongola masamba.Madzi obwerera a sitiroberi amathiriridwa mwachindunji ku masamba okongoletsera awa, amagwiritsa ntchito madzi oyera mu thanki yosungiramo kuthirira tsiku ndi tsiku.Kuphatikiza apo, mapaipi operekera madzi ndi kubwereranso kwa malo olima amaphatikizidwa kukhala amodzi pamapangidwe amadzi ndi mapaipi obwerera.Njira yothirira mafunde imatengedwa mu kagawo ka kulima.Panthawi yoperekera madzi, valavu ya chitoliro cha madzi imatsegulidwa ndipo valavu ya chitoliro chobwerera imatsekedwa.Valve ya chitoliro imatsekedwa ndipo valavu yokhetsa imatsegulidwa.Njira ulimi wothirira amapulumutsa ulimi wothirira madzi nthambi mipope ndi yaing'ono mipope mu kulima kagawo, amapulumutsa ndalama, ndipo kwenikweni alibe zimakhudza kupanga yokongola masamba.

Kulima Zamasamba Zokongoletsa Pogwiritsa Ntchito Return Liquid

Greenhouse ndi zothandizira

Wowonjezera kutentha adatumizidwa kuchokera ku South Korea mokwanira mu 2017. Kutalika kwake ndi 47m, m'lifupi ndi 23m, ndi malo okwana 1081 m.² .Kutalika kwa wowonjezera kutentha ndi 7m, gombe ndi 3m, kutalika kwa eaves ndi 4.5m, ndi kutalika kwa phirilo ndi 6.4m, ndi 3 spans ndi 15 bay.Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha, khonde la 1m lalikulu lotenthetsera kutentha limayikidwa kuzungulira wowonjezera kutentha, ndipo nsalu yotchinga yamkati yamitundu iwiri imapangidwa.Panthawi ya kusintha kwapangidwe, zopingasa zopingasa pamwamba pa mizati pakati pa nthiti za wowonjezera kutentha zinasinthidwa ndi matabwa a truss.

Greenhouse kapangidwe

Kukonzanso kwa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha kwa kutentha kumasunga mapangidwe oyambirira a dongosolo la kutentha kwa denga ndi khoma lokhala ndi matenthedwe awiri amkati.Komabe, patatha zaka zitatu zogwira ntchito, ukonde wotchingira woyambayo unali wokalamba pang'ono komanso wowonongeka.Pokonzanso wowonjezera kutentha, makatani onse otsekereza adasinthidwa ndikusinthidwa ndi ma acrylic cotton insulation quilts, omwe amakhala opepuka komanso otetezedwa ndi thermally, opangidwa kunyumba.Kuchokera pakugwira ntchito kwenikweni, zolumikizira zimadutsana pakati pa makatani otchingira padenga, chotchingira pakhoma ndi chotchingira padenga chimaphatikizana, ndipo njira yonse yotsekera imatsekedwa mwamphamvu.

Greenhouse Insulation System

Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti kuwala kukufunika pakukula kwa mbeu, njira yowonjezera yowonjezera inawonjezeredwa pakukonzanso kwa wowonjezera kutentha.Kuwala kowonjezera kumatengera njira yowunikira yachilengedwe ya LED, kuwala kulikonse kwa LED kumakhala ndi mphamvu ya 50 W, kukonza mizati iwiri patali.Danga lazanja lililonse ndi 3m.Mphamvu yonse ya kuwala ndi 4.5 kW, yofanana ndi 4.61 W/m² pa unit area.Kuwala kwamphamvu kwa 1m kutalika kumatha kufika kupitilira 2000 lx.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo yoyika magetsi owonjezera a plnat, mzere wa magetsi a UVB amaikidwanso pamtunda uliwonse ndi mtunda wa mamita 2, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mu mpweya wowonjezera kutentha.Mphamvu ya nyali imodzi ya UVB ndi 40 W, ndipo mphamvu yonse yoyikidwa ndi 4.36 kW, yofanana ndi 4.47 W/m² pa unit area.

Kutentha kwa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha kumagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wotentha wa mpweya wotentha kwambiri, womwe umatumiza mpweya wotentha mu wowonjezera kutentha kudzera mu chowotcha kutentha.Mphamvu zonse za mpope wotenthetsera gwero la mpweya mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi 210kW, ndipo mayunitsi 38 a mafani osinthira kutentha amagawidwa mofanana muchipindacho.Kutentha kwa fani iliyonse ndi 5.5kw, komwe kungatsimikizire kutentha kwa mpweya mu wowonjezera kutentha pamwamba pa 5 ℃ pansi pa kutentha kwa kunja kwa -15 ℃ pa tsiku lozizira kwambiri ku Beijing, motero kuonetsetsa kuti sitiroberi akupanga bwino mu wowonjezera kutentha.

Pofuna kuonetsetsa kufanana kwa kutentha kwa mpweya ndi chinyezi mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi kupanga kayendedwe ka mpweya m'nyumba, wowonjezera kutentha alinso ndi fani yopingasa yozungulira mpweya.Mafani ozungulira amakonzedwa pakati pawowonjezera kutentha ndi nthawi ya 18 m, ndipo mphamvu ya fan imodzi ndi 0,12 kW.

Greenhouse yothandizira zida zowongolera zachilengedwe

Zambiri zotsatiridwa:

Changji Zhou, Hongbo, Li, He Zheng, etc.Dr. Zhou anayendera Shiling (One Hundred and Twenty Six) yonyamula katundu wonyamula sitiroberi ndi zipangizo zothandizira[J].Agricultural Engineering Technology,2022,42(7):36-42.