Kafukufuku Wokhudza Zotsatira za Kuwala Kowonjezera kwa LED pa Kubereka Kowonjezereka kwa Letesi ndi Pakchoi mu Greenhouse M'nyengo Yozizira
[Chidule] Nyengo yozizira ku Shanghai nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi kutentha kochepa komanso dzuwa lochepa, ndipo kukula kwa ndiwo zamasamba za hydroponic mu greenhouse kumakhala kochedwa ndipo nthawi yopangira ndi yayitali, zomwe sizingakwaniritse kufunikira kwa msika. M'zaka zaposachedwa, magetsi owonjezera a LED ayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito polima ndi kupanga greenhouse, mpaka pamlingo wina, kuti akwaniritse vuto lomwe kuwala komwe kumasonkhanitsidwa tsiku ndi tsiku mu greenhouse sikungakwaniritse zosowa za kukula kwa mbewu pamene kuwala kwachilengedwe sikukwanira. Mu kuyeseraku, mitundu iwiri ya magetsi owonjezera a LED okhala ndi kuwala kosiyana adayikidwa mu greenhouse kuti achite kuyesera kofufuza kowonjezera kupanga letesi ya hydroponic ndi tsinde lobiriwira m'nyengo yozizira. Zotsatira zake zasonyeza kuti mitundu iwiri ya magetsi a LED imatha kuwonjezera kulemera kwatsopano pa chomera chilichonse cha pakchoi ndi letesi. Zotsatira zochulukitsa zokolola za pakchoi zimawonekera makamaka pakukweza kwa khalidwe lonse la kumva monga kukula kwa masamba ndi kukhuthala, ndipo zotsatira zochulukitsa zokolola za letesi zimawonekera makamaka pakuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa masamba ndi zinthu zouma.

Kuwala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa zomera. M'zaka zaposachedwa, magetsi a LED akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakulima ndi kupanga m'malo obiriwira chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magetsi, mphamvu zosinthika, komanso moyo wautali [1]. M'maiko akunja, chifukwa cha kuyamba koyambirira kwa kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi izi komanso njira yothandizira yokhwima, kupanga maluwa, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zambiri kumakhala ndi njira zowonjezera zowonjezera kuwala. Kusonkhanitsa deta yambiri yopangira yeniyeni kumathandizanso opanga kulosera momveka bwino zotsatira za kukulitsa kupanga. Nthawi yomweyo, kubweza pambuyo pogwiritsa ntchito makina othandizira kuwala a LED kumayesedwa [2]. Komabe, kafukufuku wambiri wamakono wamkati pa kuwala kowonjezera umakondera kwambiri kuwala kochepa komanso kukonza bwino kuwala, ndipo ulibe njira zowonjezera zowonjezera zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zenizeni [3]. Opanga ambiri am'nyumba amagwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji njira zowonjezera zowonjezera zakunja akamagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wowonjezera wowunikira popanga, mosasamala kanthu za nyengo ya malo opangira, mitundu ya ndiwo zamasamba zomwe zimapangidwa, komanso momwe zinthu zilili ndi zida. Kuphatikiza apo, mtengo wokwera wa zida zowonjezera zowonjezera komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zokolola zenizeni ndi phindu lachuma komanso zotsatira zomwe zikuyembekezeka. Mkhalidwe woterewu sungathandize pakukula ndi kukweza ukadaulo wowonjezera kuwala ndikuwonjezera kupanga mdziko muno. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuyika zinthu zowonjezera za LED zokhwima m'malo enieni opangira zinthu zapakhomo, kukonza njira zogwiritsira ntchito, ndikusonkhanitsa deta yoyenera.

Nyengo yozizira ndi nyengo yomwe masamba atsopano amafunidwa kwambiri. Malo obiriwira amatha kupereka malo oyenera kwambiri oti masamba a masamba azikula m'nyengo yozizira kuposa minda yakunja. Komabe, nkhani ina inanena kuti malo ena obiriwira okalamba kapena osayera bwino amakhala ndi kuwala kosakwana 50% m'nyengo yozizira. Kuphatikiza apo, nyengo yamvula yayitali imachitikanso nthawi yozizira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti greenhouse ikhale pamalo otentha komanso otsika, zomwe zimakhudza kukula kwabwinobwino kwa zomera. Kuwala kwakhala chinthu choletsa kukula kwa ndiwo zamasamba m'nyengo yozizira [4]. Green Cube yomwe yayikidwa mu kupanga kwenikweni imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kuyeseraku. Dongosolo lobzala masamba obiriwira oyenda pang'ono limafanana ndi ma module awiri a LED apamwamba a Signify (China) Investment Co., Ltd. okhala ndi kuwala kosiyana kwa buluu. Kubzala letesi ndi pakchoi, omwe ndi ndiwo zamasamba ziwiri zomwe zimafunidwa kwambiri pamsika, cholinga chake ndi kuphunzira kuchuluka kwenikweni kwa kupanga masamba a masamba a hydroponic ndi kuwala kwa LED m'nyumba yobiriwira yozizira.

Zida ndi njira
Zipangizo zogwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa

Zipangizo zoyesera zomwe zinagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kuyesako zinali letesi ndi ndiwo zamasamba za packchoi. Mtundu wa letesi, Green Leaf Lettuce, umachokera ku Beijing Dingfeng Modern Agriculture Development Co., Ltd., ndipo mtundu wa pakchoi, Brilliant Green, umachokera ku Horticulture Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

Njira yoyesera

Kuyeseraku kunachitika mu nyumba yobiriwira yagalasi ya mtundu wa Wenluo ya ku Sunqiao pansi pa Shanghai green cube Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. kuyambira Novembala 2019 mpaka February 2020. Kuyesera kawiri konse kunachitika. Kuyesera koyamba kunali kumapeto kwa 2019, ndipo kuyeserera kwachiwiri kunali kumayambiriro kwa 2020. Pambuyo pofesa, zipangizo zoyeserazo zinayikidwa m'chipinda chowunikira chopangira kuti zikweze mbande, ndipo kuthirira kwa madzi kunagwiritsidwa ntchito. Panthawi yobzala mbande, njira yothirira michere ya ndiwo zamasamba za hydroponic yokhala ndi EC ya 1.5 ndi pH ya 5.5 idagwiritsidwa ntchito pothirira. Mbande zitakula kufika masamba atatu ndi gawo limodzi la mtima, zinabzalidwa pabedi la masamba obiriwira a mtundu wa shallow flow leafy. Pambuyo pobzala, njira yozungulira michere ya shallow flow idagwiritsa ntchito njira ya EC 2 ndi pH 6 yothirira tsiku lililonse. Kuthirira kunali kwa mphindi 10 ndi madzi ndi mphindi 20 ndi madzi atayima. Gulu lowongolera (lopanda zowonjezera kuwala) ndi gulu lothandizira (chowonjezera kuwala kwa LED) zidakhazikitsidwa mu kuyesera. CK idabzalidwa mu greenhouse yagalasi yopanda zowonjezera kuwala. LB: drw-lb Ho (200W) idagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonjezera kuwala mutabzala mu greenhouse yagalasi. Kuchuluka kwa kuwala (PPFD) pamwamba pa denga la masamba a hydroponic kunali pafupifupi 140 μmol/(㎡·S). MB: mutabzala mu greenhouse yagalasi, drw-lb (200W) idagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonjezera kuwala, ndipo PPFD inali pafupifupi 140 μmol/(㎡·S).

Tsiku loyamba lobzala mbewu zoyesera ndi pa 8 Novembala, 2019, ndipo tsiku lobzala ndi pa 25 Novembala, 2019. Nthawi yowonjezera ya gulu loyesa ndi 6:30-17:00; tsiku lachiwiri lobzala mbewu zoyesera ndi pa 30 Disembala, 2019, tsiku lobzala ndi pa 17 Januwale, 2020, ndipo nthawi yowonjezera ya gulu loyesa ndi 4:00-17:00.
Mu nyengo ya dzuwa m'nyengo yozizira, nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imatsegula denga la dzuwa, filimu yam'mbali ndi fani kuti mpweya ulowe tsiku lililonse kuyambira 6:00-17:00. Kutentha kukachepa usiku, nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imatseka denga, filimu yam'mbali ndi fani nthawi ya 17:00-6:00 (tsiku lotsatira), ndikutsegula nsalu yotchinga kutentha mu nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale kuti kutentha kusungike usiku.

Kusonkhanitsa Deta

Kutalika kwa chomera, kuchuluka kwa masamba, ndi kulemera kwatsopano pa chomera chilichonse kunapezeka mutakolola mbali za Qingjingcai ndi letesi zomwe zili pamwamba pa nthaka. Pambuyo poyesa kulemera kwatsopano, kunayikidwa mu uvuni ndikuumitsidwa pa 75℃ kwa maola 72. Pambuyo pake, kulemera kouma kunadziwika. Kutentha mu greenhouse ndi Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD, Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density) zimasonkhanitsidwa ndikujambulidwa mphindi 5 zilizonse ndi sensa yotenthetsera (RS-GZ-N01-2) ndi sensa yowunikira ma radiation (GLZ-CG).

Kusanthula Deta

Werengerani momwe kuwala kumagwiritsidwira ntchito bwino (LUE, Light Use Efficiency) motsatira njira iyi:
LUE (g/mol) = zokolola za masamba pa gawo lililonse/kuchuluka konse kwa kuwala komwe masamba amapeza pa gawo lililonse kuyambira kubzala mpaka kukolola
Werengerani kuchuluka kwa zinthu zouma motsatira njira iyi:
Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zouma (%) = kulemera kouma pa chomera chilichonse/kulemera kwatsopano pa chomera chilichonse x 100%
Gwiritsani ntchito Excel2016 ndi IBM SPSS Statistics 20 kuti mufufuze deta yomwe ili mu kuyesera ndikusanthula kufunika kwa kusiyana.

Zida ndi njira
Kuwala ndi Kutentha

Gawo loyamba la kuyesa linatenga masiku 46 kuyambira kubzala mpaka kukolola, ndipo gawo lachiwiri linatenga masiku 42 kuyambira kubzala mpaka kukolola. Pa gawo loyamba la kuyesa, kutentha kwapakati pa tsiku mu greenhouse kunali pakati pa 10-18 ℃; pa gawo lachiwiri la kuyesa, kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kwapakati pa tsiku mu greenhouse kunali kwakukulu kuposa komwe kunali pakati pa gawo loyamba la kuyesa, ndi kutentha kochepa kwambiri kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa 8.39 ℃ ndi kutentha kwapakati pa tsiku kwa 20.23 ℃. Kutentha kwapakati pa tsiku kunawonetsa kukwera kwakukulu panthawi ya kukula (Chithunzi 1).

Pa nthawi yoyamba yoyesera, kuwala kwa tsiku ndi tsiku (DLI) mu greenhouse kunasinthasintha pang'ono kuposa 14 mol/(㎡·D). Pa nthawi yachiwiri yoyesera, kuwala kwachilengedwe komwe kunapezeka tsiku ndi tsiku mu greenhouse kunawonetsa kukwera kwakukulu, komwe kunali kokwera kuposa 8 mol/(㎡·D), ndipo mtengo wapamwamba unawonekera pa February 27, 2020, womwe unali 26.1 mol/(㎡·D). Kusintha kwa kuwala kwachilengedwe komwe kunapezeka tsiku ndi tsiku mu greenhouse panthawi yachiwiri yoyesera kunali kwakukulu kuposa komwe kunapezeka pa nthawi yoyamba yoyesera (Chithunzi 2). Pa nthawi yoyamba yoyesera, kuwala konse komwe kunapezeka tsiku ndi tsiku (kuchuluka kwa kuwala kwachilengedwe DLI ndi kuwala kowonjezera kwa LED DLI) kwa gulu lowonjezera la kuwala kunali kokwera kuposa 8 mol/(㎡·D) nthawi zambiri. Pa nthawi yachiwiri yoyesera, kuwala konse komwe kunapezeka tsiku ndi tsiku kwa gulu lowonjezera la kuwala kunali kopitilira 10 mol/(㎡·D) nthawi zambiri. Kuchuluka konse kwa kuwala kowonjezera komwe kunasonkhanitsidwa mu gawo lachiwiri kunali 31.75 mol/㎡ kuposa komwe kunasonkhanitsidwa mu gawo loyamba.

Kubereka kwa Masamba ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Mwachangu

●Zotsatira za mayeso oyamba
Zikuoneka kuchokera pa Chithunzi 3 kuti pakchoi yowonjezeredwa ndi LED imakula bwino, mawonekedwe a chomera ndi opapatiza, ndipo masamba ndi akulu komanso okhuthala kuposa CK yosawonjezeredwa. Masamba a pakchoi a LB ndi MB ndi obiriwira owala komanso akuda kuposa CK. Zikuoneka kuchokera pa Chithunzi 4 kuti letesi yokhala ndi kuwala kowonjezera kwa LED imakula bwino kuposa CK yopanda kuwala kowonjezera, chiwerengero cha masamba ndi chachikulu, ndipo mawonekedwe a chomera ndi odzaza.

Zikuoneka kuchokera pa Gome 1 kuti palibe kusiyana kwakukulu pa kutalika kwa chomera, kuchuluka kwa masamba, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zouma komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zopepuka kwa pakchoi yothandizidwa ndi CK, LB ndi MB, koma kulemera kwatsopano kwa pakchoi yothandizidwa ndi LB ndi MB ndikokwera kwambiri kuposa kwa CK; Panalibe kusiyana kwakukulu pa kulemera kwatsopano pa chomera chilichonse pakati pa magetsi awiri a LED omwe ali ndi kuwala kwabuluu kosiyana pakuchiza LB ndi MB.

Zikuoneka kuchokera pa tebulo 2 kuti kutalika kwa letesi pa chithandizo cha LB kunali kwakukulu kwambiri kuposa kwa chithandizo cha CK, koma panalibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa chithandizo cha LB ndi chithandizo cha MB. Panali kusiyana kwakukulu pa chiwerengero cha masamba pakati pa mankhwala atatuwa, ndipo chiwerengero cha masamba pa chithandizo cha MB chinali chapamwamba kwambiri, chomwe chinali 27. Kulemera kwatsopano pa chomera chilichonse cha chithandizo cha LB chinali chapamwamba kwambiri, chomwe chinali 101g. Panalinso kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa magulu awiriwa. Panalibe kusiyana kwakukulu pa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zouma pakati pa chithandizo cha CK ndi LB. Kuchuluka kwa MB kunali kokwera ndi 4.24% kuposa chithandizo cha CK ndi LB. Panali kusiyana kwakukulu pakugwiritsa ntchito kuwala pakati pa mankhwala atatuwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwakukulu kwambiri kunali pa chithandizo cha LB, chomwe chinali 13.23 g/mol, ndipo chotsika kwambiri chinali pa chithandizo cha CK, chomwe chinali 10.72 g/mol.

● Zotsatira za mayeso achiwiri

Zikuoneka kuchokera pa Gome 3 kuti kutalika kwa chomera cha Pakchoi chomwe chinachiritsidwa ndi MB kunali kwakukulu kwambiri kuposa kwa CK, ndipo panalibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa icho ndi chithandizo cha LB. Chiwerengero cha masamba a Pakchoi omwe anachiritsidwa ndi LB ndi MB chinali chachikulu kwambiri kuposa cha CK, koma panalibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa magulu awiri a chithandizo chowonjezera cha kuwala. Panali kusiyana kwakukulu pa kulemera kwatsopano pa chomera chilichonse pakati pa mankhwala atatuwa. Kulemera kwatsopano pa chomera chilichonse mu CK kunali kotsika kwambiri pa 47 g, ndipo chithandizo cha MB chinali chapamwamba kwambiri pa 116 g. Panalibe kusiyana kwakukulu pa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zouma pakati pa mankhwala atatuwa. Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya kuwala. CK ndi yotsika pa 8.74 g/mol, ndipo chithandizo cha MB ndi chapamwamba kwambiri pa 13.64 g/mol.

Zikuoneka kuchokera pa Gome 4 kuti panalibe kusiyana kwakukulu pa kutalika kwa letesi pakati pa mankhwala atatuwa. Chiwerengero cha masamba omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza LB ndi MB chinali chokwera kwambiri kuposa cha CK. Pakati pawo, chiwerengero cha masamba a MB chinali chapamwamba kwambiri pa 26. Panalibe kusiyana kwakukulu pa chiwerengero cha masamba pakati pa mankhwala a LB ndi MB. Kulemera kwatsopano pa chomera chilichonse mwa magulu awiriwa a mankhwala owonjezera kunali kwakukulu kwambiri kuposa kwa CK, ndipo kulemera kwatsopano pa chomera chilichonse kunali kwakukulu kwambiri pa mankhwala a MB, komwe kunali 133g. Panalinso kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mankhwala a LB ndi MB. Panali kusiyana kwakukulu pa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zouma pakati pa mankhwala atatuwa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zinthu zouma pa mankhwala a LB kunali kwakukulu kwambiri, komwe kunali 4.05%. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowala pa chithandizo cha MB ndikokwera kwambiri kuposa kwa mankhwala a CK ndi LB, omwe ndi 12.67 g/mol.

Pa nthawi yachiwiri yoyesera, DLI yonse ya gulu lowonjezera la kuwala inali yokwera kwambiri kuposa DLI panthawi yomweyi ya masiku omwewo a koloni panthawi yoyamba yoyesera (Chithunzi 1-2), ndipo nthawi yowonjezera ya kuwala ya gulu lowonjezera la kuwala mu nthawi yachiwiri yoyesera (4:00-00-17:00). Poyerekeza ndi nthawi yoyamba yoyesera (6:30-17:00), inawonjezeka ndi maola 2.5. Nthawi yokolola ya maulendo awiri a Pakchoi inali masiku 35 mutabzala. Kulemera kwatsopano kwa chomera cha CK pachokha m'magawo awiriwa kunali kofanana. Kusiyana kwa kulemera kwatsopano pa chomera chilichonse mu chithandizo cha LB ndi MB poyerekeza ndi CK mu nthawi yachiwiri yoyesera kunali kwakukulu kwambiri kuposa kusiyana kwa kulemera kwatsopano pa chomera chilichonse poyerekeza ndi CK mu nthawi yoyamba yoyesera (Table 1, Table 3). Nthawi yokolola ya nthawi yachiwiri ya letesi yoyesera inali masiku 42 mutabzala, ndipo nthawi yokolola ya nthawi yoyamba ya letesi yoyesera inali masiku 46 mutabzala. Chiwerengero cha masiku omwe letesi CK inakololedwa chinali chochepera masiku 4 kuposa cha letesi yoyamba, koma kulemera kwatsopano pa chomera chilichonse ndi kuwirikiza nthawi 1.57 kuposa kwa letesi yoyamba (Table 2 ndi Table 4), ndipo mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ya kuwala ndi yofanana. Zitha kuwoneka kuti pamene kutentha kukutentha pang'onopang'ono ndipo kuwala kwachilengedwe m'nyumba yobiriwira kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, nthawi yopangira letesi imafupikitsidwa.

Zida ndi njira
Maulendo awiri oyesera anaphimba nyengo yonse yozizira ku Shanghai, ndipo gulu lolamulira (CK) linatha kubwezeretsa momwe mbewu zobiriwira zimakhalira ndi letesi m'nyumba yobiriwira pansi pa kutentha kochepa komanso kuwala kochepa m'nyengo yozizira. Gulu loyesera zowonjezera kuwala linakhala ndi zotsatira zazikulu pakukweza deta yolondola kwambiri (kulemera kwatsopano pa chomera chilichonse) m'maulendo awiri oyesera. Pakati pawo, zotsatira za kuwonjezeka kwa zokolola za Pakchoi zinawonekera mu kukula, mtundu ndi makulidwe a masamba nthawi imodzi. Koma letesi nthawi zambiri imawonjezera kuchuluka kwa masamba, ndipo mawonekedwe a chomera amawoneka odzaza. Zotsatira za mayeso zikuwonetsa kuti kuwonjezera kuwala kumatha kukweza kulemera kwatsopano ndi mtundu wa malonda pakubzala mitundu iwiri ya ndiwo zamasamba, motero kumawonjezera malonda a zinthu zamasamba. Pakchoi yowonjezeredwa ndi Ma module ofiira-oyera, abuluu otsika komanso ofiira-oyera, abuluu apakati ndi obiriwira ndi obiriwira akuda komanso owoneka bwino kuposa masamba opanda kuwala kowonjezera, masamba ndi akulu komanso okhuthala, ndipo kukula kwa mtundu wonse wa chomera ndi kochepa komanso kolimba. Komabe, "lettuce ya mosaic" ndi ya masamba obiriwira opepuka, ndipo palibe kusintha kwa mtundu komwe kumachitika pakukula. Kusintha kwa mtundu wa masamba sikoonekeratu kwa maso a anthu. Kuchuluka koyenera kwa kuwala kwa buluu kungathandize kuti masamba akule bwino komanso kuti utoto wa photosynthesis upangidwe, ndikuletsa kutalika kwa ma internode. Chifukwa chake, ndiwo zamasamba zomwe zili mgulu la zowonjezera kuwala zimakondedwa kwambiri ndi ogula chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo.

Pa nthawi yachiwiri ya mayeso, kuchuluka kwa kuwala kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa gulu lowonjezera la kuwala kunali kwakukulu kwambiri kuposa DLI panthawi yomweyi ya masiku omwewo a koloni panthawi yoyamba ya kuyesa (Chithunzi 1-2), ndipo nthawi yowonjezera ya kuwala kwa nthawi yachiwiri ya gulu lowonjezera la kuwala (4: 00-17: 00), poyerekeza ndi nthawi yoyamba ya kuyesa (6:30-17: 00), idawonjezeka ndi maola 2.5. Nthawi yokolola ya nthawi ziwiri za Pakchoi inali masiku 35 mutabzala. Kulemera kwatsopano kwa CK m'magawo awiriwa kunali kofanana. Kusiyana kwa kulemera kwatsopano pa chomera chilichonse pakati pa chithandizo cha LB ndi MB ndi CK mu nthawi yachiwiri ya kuyesa kunali kwakukulu kwambiri kuposa kusiyana kwa kulemera kwatsopano pa chomera chilichonse ndi CK mu nthawi yoyamba ya kuyesa (Table 1 ndi Table 3). Chifukwa chake, kukulitsa nthawi yowonjezera kuwala kungathandize kuti pakhale kuwonjezeka kwa kupanga kwa hydroponic Pakchoi yomwe imalimidwa m'nyumba nthawi yozizira. Nthawi yokolola ya gawo lachiwiri la letesi yoyesera inali masiku 42 mutabzala, ndipo nthawi yokolola ya gawo loyamba la letesi yoyesera inali masiku 46 mutabzala. Pamene gawo lachiwiri la letesi yoyesera linakololedwa, masiku a CK group omwe analowa m'malo mwawo anali ochepera masiku 4 kuposa a gawo loyamba. Komabe, kulemera kwatsopano kwa chomera chimodzi kunali kowirikiza nthawi 1.57 kuposa kwa gawo loyamba la mayeso (Table 2 ndi Table 4). Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowunikira kunali kofanana. Zitha kuwoneka kuti pamene kutentha kukukwera pang'onopang'ono ndipo kuwala kwachilengedwe mu greenhouse kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono (Chithunzi 1-2), nthawi yopangira letesi ikhoza kuchepetsedwa moyenerera. Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezera zida zowonjezera zowunikira ku greenhouse nthawi yozizira yokhala ndi kutentha kochepa komanso kuwala kochepa kwa dzuwa kungathandize bwino kupanga letesi, kenako Kuonjezera kupanga. Mu gawo loyamba la kuyesa, chomera cha masamba chomwe chimawonjezera mphamvu yowunikira chinali 0.95 kw-h, ndipo mu gawo lachiwiri la kuyesa, chomera cha masamba chomwe chimawonjezera mphamvu yowunikira chinali 1.15 kw-h. Poyerekeza pakati pa mayesero awiriwa, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pang'ono kwa mankhwala atatu a Pakchoi, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pang'ono mu kuyesa kwachiwiri kunali kotsika kuposa komwe kunali mu kuyesa koyamba. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pang'ono kwa magulu a letesi CK ndi LB omwe adathandizira kuwala kowonjezera mu kuyesa kwachiwiri kunali kotsika pang'ono kuposa komwe kunali mu kuyesa koyamba. Akuti chifukwa chake n'chakuti kutentha kochepa kwapakati pa tsiku mkati mwa sabata imodzi mutabzala kumapangitsa kuti nthawi yobzala mbande ikhale yayitali, ndipo ngakhale kutentha kunakweranso pang'ono panthawi yoyesera, kuchuluka kwake kunali kochepa, ndipo kutentha kwapakati pa tsiku lonse kunali kotsika, zomwe zinachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pang'ono kwa kuwala panthawi yonse yokulira kwa masamba a masamba. (Chithunzi 1).

Pa nthawi yoyesera, dziwe loyezera zakudya silinali ndi zida zotenthetsera, kotero kuti mizu ya ndiwo zamasamba zamasamba za hydroponic nthawi zonse inali pamlingo wotsika kutentha, ndipo kutentha kwapakati pa tsiku kunali kochepa, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti ndiwo zamasamba zilephere kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kuwala kwa tsiku ndi tsiku komwe kumawonjezeka powonjezera kuwala kowonjezera kwa LED. Chifukwa chake, powonjezera kuwala mu greenhouse nthawi yozizira, ndikofunikira kuganizira njira zoyenera zosungira kutentha ndi kutentha kuti zitsimikizire kuti kuwala kowonjezera kumawonjezera kupanga. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuganizira njira zoyenera zosungira kutentha ndi kutentha kuti zitsimikizire kuti kuwala kowonjezera kumawonjezera zotsatira ndi kuchuluka kwa zokolola mu greenhouse yozizira. Kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala kowonjezera kwa LED kudzawonjezera mtengo wopanga mpaka pamlingo winawake, ndipo ulimi wokha si bizinesi yopindulitsa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ponena za momwe mungakonzere bwino njira yowonjezera kuwala ndikugwirizana ndi njira zina popanga ndiwo zamasamba zamasamba za hydroponic mu greenhouse yozizira, komanso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito zida zowonjezera kuwala kuti mupange bwino ndikupanga bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi ndi phindu lazachuma, ikufunikabe kuyesa kwina kopangira.

Olemba: Yiming Ji, Kang Liu, Xianping Zhang, Honglei Mao (Shanghai green cube Agricultural Development Co., Ltd.).
Gwero la nkhani: Ukadaulo wa Uinjiniya wa Zaulimi (Kulima Zobiriwira).

Maumboni:
[1] Jianfeng Dai, Philips horticultural LED application practice in greenhouse production [J]. Ukadaulo waukadaulo waulimi, 2017, 37 (13): 28-32
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