"Kusiyana pakati pa fakitale ya zomera ndi ulimi wachikhalidwe ndi ufulu wopanga chakudya chatsopano chomwe chimalimidwa m'deralo nthawi ndi malo."

M'malingaliro, pakadali pano, pali chakudya chokwanira padziko lonse lapansi chodyetsa anthu pafupifupi 12 biliyoni, koma momwe chakudya chimagawidwira padziko lonse lapansi sichothandiza komanso chosakhazikika. Chakudya chimatumizidwa kumadera onse a dziko lapansi, nthawi yosungira chakudya kapena kusakhala chatsopano nthawi zambiri imachepa kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zonse pamakhala chakudya chambiri chomwe chingatayike.

Fakitale ya fakitalendi sitepe yopita ku mkhalidwe watsopano—mosasamala kanthu za nyengo ndi momwe zinthu zilili kunja, n'zotheka kulima chakudya chatsopano chopangidwa m'deralo chaka chonse, ndipo zingasinthenso mawonekedwe a makampani azakudya.

Fred Ruijgt wochokera ku Dipatimenti Yopanga Zamalonda Zamkati, Priva

“Komabe, izi zimafuna njira yosiyana yoganizira.” Kulima mafakitale a zomera kumasiyana ndi kulima zomera m'malo osiyanasiyana. Malinga ndi Fred Ruijgt wochokera ku Indoor Cultivating Market Development Department, Priva, “Mu greenhouse yokhazikika yokhala ndi galasi, muyenera kuthana ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zakunja, monga mphepo, mvula ndi dzuwa, ndipo muyenera kuyang'anira zinthuzi moyenera momwe mungathere. Chifukwa chake, alimi ayenera kuchita ntchito zina zomwe zimafunika kuti nyengo ikhale yokhazikika kuti ikule. Fakitale ya zomera ikhoza kupanga nyengo yabwino kwambiri yopitilira. Ndi udindo wa mlimi kudziwa momwe kukula kudzakhalire, kuyambira kuwala mpaka mpweya.”

Yerekezerani maapulo ndi malalanje

Malinga ndi Fred, amalonda ambiri amayesa kuyerekeza kulima mbewu ndi kulima kwachikhalidwe. "Ponena za ndalama ndi phindu, n'zovuta kuziyerekeza," adatero. "Zili ngati kuyerekeza maapulo ndi malalanje. Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kusiyana pakati pa kulima kwachikhalidwe ndi kulima m'mafakitale a zomera, koma simungathe kungowerengera mita iliyonse ya sikweya, poyerekeza mwachindunji njira ziwiri zokulira. Pakulima m'nyumba yobiriwira, muyenera kuganizira za kuzungulira kwa mbewu, miyezi yomwe mungakolole, komanso nthawi yomwe mungathe kupereka zomwe makasitomala amapereka. Mwa kulima m'fakitale ya zomera, mutha kupeza mbewu zokwanira chaka chonse, ndikupanga mipata yambiri yofikira mapangano opereka ndi makasitomala. Zachidziwikire, muyenera kuyika ndalama. Kulima m'fakitale ya zomera kumapereka mwayi wopititsa patsogolo chitukuko chokhazikika, chifukwa njira yamtunduwu yokulira imatha kusunga madzi ambiri, michere ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

Komabe, poyerekeza ndi nyumba zosungiramo zomera zachikhalidwe, mafakitale a zomera amafunikira magetsi ambiri opangira zinthu, monga magetsi a LED. Kuphatikiza apo, momwe zinthu zilili mu unyolo wa mafakitale monga malo ndi kuthekera kogulitsa m'deralo ziyeneranso kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zofotokozera. Kupatula apo, m'maiko ena, nyumba zosungiramo zomera zachikhalidwe sizingakhale njira yabwino. Mwachitsanzo, ku Netherlands, mtengo wolima zinthu zatsopano pafamu yoyimirira mufakitale ya zomera ukhoza kukhala kawiri kapena katatu kuposa mtengo wa nyumba yosungiramo zomera. "Kuphatikiza apo, ulimi wachikhalidwe uli ndi njira zogulitsira zachikhalidwe, monga malonda, amalonda, ndi makampani. Izi sizili choncho pakubzala zomera - ndikofunikira kwambiri kumvetsetsa unyolo wonse wa mafakitale ndikugwirizana nawo.

Chitetezo cha chakudya ndi chitetezo cha chakudya

Palibe njira yogulitsira yachikhalidwe yolima mafakitale a zomera, yomwe ndi gawo lake lapadera. "Mafakitale a zomera ndi oyera komanso opanda mankhwala ophera tizilombo, zomwe zimatsimikizira mtundu wapamwamba wa zinthu komanso kukonzekera kupanga. Mafamu ozungulira amathanso kumangidwa m'mizinda, ndipo ogula amatha kupeza zinthu zatsopano, zomwe zimalimidwa m'deralo. Zinthu nthawi zambiri zimanyamulidwa kuchokera ku famu yozungulira kupita kumalo ogulitsira, monga sitolo yayikulu. Izi zimafupikitsa kwambiri njira ndi nthawi yoti zinthuzo zifike kwa ogula."

Mafamu ozungulira amatha kumangidwa kulikonse padziko lapansi komanso m'nyengo iliyonse, makamaka m'madera omwe alibe mikhalidwe yomangira nyumba zobiriwira. Fred anawonjezera kuti: "Mwachitsanzo, ku Singapore, palibe nyumba zobiriwira zomwe zingamangidwenso chifukwa palibe malo oti alimidwe kapena kulima. Pachifukwa ichi, famu yozungulira yamkati imapereka yankho chifukwa ikhoza kumangidwa mkati mwa nyumba yomwe ilipo. Iyi ndi njira yothandiza komanso yotheka, yomwe imachepetsa kwambiri kudalira chakudya chochokera kunja."

Zagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ogula

Ukadaulo uwu watsimikiziridwa m'mapulojekiti akuluakulu obzala mbewu m'mafakitale opanga zomera. Ndiye, n'chifukwa chiyani njira yobzala mbewuyi sinakhale yotchuka kwambiri? Fred anafotokoza. "Tsopano, minda yobzala mbewu m'mafakitale imaphatikizidwa kwambiri mu unyolo wogulitsa womwe ulipo. Kufunika kwake kumachokera makamaka m'madera omwe ali ndi ndalama zambiri. Unyolo wogulitsa womwe ulipo uli ndi masomphenya - akufuna kupereka zinthu zapamwamba, kotero ali ndi lingaliro loti ndalama ndizomveka. Koma kodi ogula adzalipira ndalama zingati kuti agule letesi yatsopano? Ngati ogula ayamba kuyamikira chakudya chatsopano komanso chapamwamba, amalonda adzakhala ofunitsitsa kuyika ndalama m'njira zokhazikika zopangira chakudya."
Gwero la nkhani: Wechat nkhani ya Agricultural Engineering Technology (greenhouse horticulture)