Li Jianming, Sun Guotao, etc.Ukadaulo waulimi waulimi wowonjezera kutentha2022-11-21 17:42 Yofalitsidwa ku Beijing

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, makampani opanga zinthu zobiriwira akukula mwamphamvu. Kukula kwa zinthu zobiriwira sikuti kungowonjezera kuchuluka kwa nthaka yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zalimidwa, komanso kumathetsa vuto la zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zomwe sizikupezeka nthawi yopuma. Komabe, nyumba yobiriwira yakumananso ndi mavuto omwe sanachitikepo. Malo oyamba, njira zotenthetsera ndi mawonekedwe ake apanga kukana chilengedwe ndi chitukuko. Zipangizo zatsopano ndi mapangidwe atsopano zikufunika mwachangu kuti zisinthe kapangidwe ka nyumba yobiriwira, ndipo magwero atsopano amagetsi akufunika mwachangu kuti akwaniritse zolinga zosungira mphamvu ndi kuteteza chilengedwe, ndikuwonjezera kupanga ndi ndalama.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za mutu wakuti “mphamvu zatsopano, zipangizo zatsopano, kapangidwe katsopano kothandiza kusintha kwatsopano kwa kutentha kwa dziko lapansi”, kuphatikizapo kafukufuku ndi luso la mphamvu ya dzuwa, mphamvu ya biomass, mphamvu ya geothermal ndi magwero ena atsopano a mphamvu mu kutentha kwa dziko lapansi, kafukufuku ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zatsopano zophimbira, kutchinjiriza kutentha kwa dziko lapansi, makoma ndi zida zina, komanso chiyembekezo chamtsogolo ndi kuganiza za mphamvu zatsopano, zipangizo zatsopano ndi kapangidwe katsopano kothandiza kusintha kutentha kwa dziko lapansi, kuti zipereke chitsogozo cha makampaniwa.

Kupanga ulimi wa malo ndi chinthu chofunikira pandale komanso chisankho chosapeŵeka chokhazikitsa mzimu wa malangizo ofunikira komanso kupanga zisankho za boma. Mu 2020, malo onse otetezedwa ku China adzakhala 2.8 miliyoni hm2, ndipo phindu lotulutsa lidzapitirira 1 thililiyoni yuan. Ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yowonjezerera mphamvu zopangira kutentha kuti ikonze magetsi owonjezera kutentha ndi magwiridwe antchito oteteza kutentha kudzera mu mphamvu zatsopano, zipangizo zatsopano ndi kapangidwe katsopano ka kutentha. Pali zovuta zambiri popanga kutentha kwachikhalidwe, monga malasha, mafuta amafuta ndi mphamvu zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potenthetsera ndi kutentha m'nyumba zobiriwira zachikhalidwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mpweya wambiri wa dioxide, womwe umaipitsa chilengedwe kwambiri, pomwe mpweya wachilengedwe, mphamvu zamagetsi ndi mphamvu zina zimawonjezera ndalama zogwirira ntchito m'nyumba zobiriwira. Zipangizo zosungira kutentha zachikhalidwe zamakoma obiriwira nthawi zambiri zimakhala dongo ndi njerwa, zomwe zimadya zambiri ndikuwononga kwambiri nthaka. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino nthaka kwa nyumba zobiriwira zachikhalidwe zokhala ndi khoma la nthaka ndi 40% mpaka 50% yokha, ndipo nyumba yobiriwira yamba ili ndi mphamvu yosungira kutentha yochepa, kotero singathe kukhala nthawi yozizira yonse kuti ipange ndiwo zamasamba zofunda kumpoto kwa China. Chifukwa chake, mfundo yaikulu yolimbikitsira kusintha kwa kutentha, kapena kafukufuku woyambira uli mu kapangidwe ka kutentha, kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha zinthu zatsopano ndi mphamvu zatsopano. Nkhaniyi ikuyang'ana kwambiri pa kafukufuku ndi zatsopano za magwero atsopano a mphamvu mu kutentha, kufotokoza mwachidule momwe kafukufuku wa magwero atsopano a mphamvu monga mphamvu ya dzuwa, mphamvu ya biomass, mphamvu ya geothermal, mphamvu ya mphepo ndi zinthu zatsopano zowonekera bwino, zipangizo zotetezera kutentha ndi zipangizo zapakhoma mu kutentha, kusanthula momwe mphamvu zatsopano ndi zinthu zatsopano zimagwiritsidwira ntchito pomanga kutentha kwatsopano, ndikuyembekezera udindo wawo pakukula ndi kusintha kwa kutentha mtsogolo.

Kafukufuku ndi Kupanga Zinthu Zatsopano pa Malo Obiriwira a Mphamvu

Mphamvu yatsopano yobiriwira yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri paulimi imaphatikizapo mphamvu ya dzuwa, mphamvu ya geothermal ndi mphamvu ya biomass, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito bwino magwero osiyanasiyana atsopano a mphamvu, kuti tigwiritse ntchito bwino mphamvu mwa kuphunzira kuchokera ku mfundo zabwino za wina ndi mnzake.

mphamvu ya dzuwa/mphamvu

Ukadaulo wa mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi njira yoperekera mphamvu yotsika mpweya, yogwira ntchito bwino komanso yokhazikika, ndipo ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri m'mafakitale atsopano aku China. Idzakhala chisankho chosapeŵeka pakusintha ndi kukweza kapangidwe ka mphamvu ku China mtsogolo. Poganizira za kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale yokha ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa. Kudzera mu mphamvu ya nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, mphamvu ya dzuwa imasonkhanitsidwa m'nyumba, kutentha kwa nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale kumakwezedwa, ndipo kutentha komwe kumafunika kuti mbewu zikule kumaperekedwa. Gwero lalikulu la mphamvu ya photosynthesis ya zomera zosungiramo zinthu zakale ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa mwachindunji, komwe ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa mwachindunji.

01 Kupanga mphamvu ya photovoltaic kuti ipange kutentha

Kupanga mphamvu ya photovoltaic ndi ukadaulo womwe umasintha mwachindunji mphamvu ya kuwala kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi kutengera mphamvu ya photovoltaic. Chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa ukadaulo uwu ndi solar cell. Pamene mphamvu ya dzuwa ikuwalira pa ma solar panels angapo motsatizana kapena motsatizana, zigawo za semiconductor zimasandutsa mwachindunji mphamvu ya kuwala kwa dzuwa kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi. Ukadaulo wa photovoltaic ukhoza kusintha mwachindunji mphamvu ya kuwala kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi, kusunga magetsi kudzera m'mabatire, ndikutenthetsa greenhouse usiku, koma mtengo wake wokwera umalepheretsa chitukuko chake. Gulu lofufuzali linapanga chipangizo chotenthetsera cha photovoltaic graphene, chomwe chimakhala ndi ma photovoltaic panels osinthasintha, makina owongolera onse mu imodzi, batire yosungira ndi ndodo yotenthetsera ya graphene. Malinga ndi kutalika kwa mzere wobzala, ndodo yotenthetsera ya graphene imakwiriridwa pansi pa thumba la substrate. Masana, ma photovoltaic panels amayamwa kuwala kwa dzuwa kuti apange magetsi ndikusunga mu batire yosungira, kenako magetsi amatulutsidwa usiku kuti agwiritse ntchito ndodo yotenthetsera ya graphene. Muyeso weniweni, njira yowongolera kutentha yoyambira pa 17℃ ndikutseka pa 19℃ imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuthamanga usiku (20:00-08:00 pa tsiku lachiwiri) kwa maola 8, mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potenthetsera mzere umodzi wa zomera ndi 1.24 kW·h, ndipo kutentha kwapakati pa thumba la substrate usiku ndi 19.2℃, komwe ndi 3.5 ~ 5.3℃ kuposa momwe zimakhalira. Njira yotenthetserayi yophatikizidwa ndi kupanga mphamvu ya photovoltaic imathetsa mavuto a kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri komanso kuipitsa kwambiri kutentha kwa greenhouse m'nyengo yozizira.

02 Kusintha ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kutentha kwa Thupi

Kusintha kwa dzuwa pogwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa dzuwa kumatanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito malo apadera osonkhanitsira kuwala kwa dzuwa opangidwa ndi zipangizo zosinthira kuwala kwa dzuwa kuti asonkhanitse ndi kuyamwa mphamvu ya dzuwa yochuluka momwe angathere ndikuisintha kukhala mphamvu ya kutentha. Poyerekeza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa dzuwa pogwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa dzuwa, kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa dzuwa pogwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa dzuwa kumawonjezera kuyamwa kwa band ya infrared, kotero imakhala ndi mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito kuwala kwa dzuwa kwambiri, mtengo wotsika komanso ukadaulo wokhwima, ndipo ndiyo njira yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa.

Ukadaulo wokhwima kwambiri wosinthira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa dzuwa ku China ndi chosonkhetsa cha dzuwa, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi pakatikati pa mbale yotenthetsera kutentha yokhala ndi chophimba chosankha choyamwa, chomwe chingasinthe mphamvu ya kuwala kwa dzuwa yomwe imadutsa mu mbale yophimba kukhala mphamvu ya kutentha ndikuyitumiza ku malo ogwirira ntchito otenthetsera kutentha. Zosonkhetsa dzuwa zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri malinga ndi ngati pali malo opumira mu chosonkhetsa kapena ayi: zosonkhetsa dzuwa zathyathyathya ndi zosonkhetsa dzuwa za chubu cha vacuum; zosonkhetsa dzuwa zokhazikika ndi zosonkhetsa dzuwa zosakhazikika malinga ndi ngati kuwala kwa dzuwa pa doko lolowera masana kumasintha njira; ndi zosonkhetsa zamadzimadzi za dzuwa ndi zosonkhetsa dzuwa zamlengalenga malinga ndi mtundu wa malo ogwirira ntchito osinthira kutentha.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa m'nyumba zobiriwira kumachitika makamaka kudzera m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya osonkhanitsa mphamvu ya dzuwa. Yunivesite ya Ibn Zor ku Morocco yapanga njira yotenthetsera mphamvu ya dzuwa (ASHS) yotenthetsera kutentha, yomwe ingawonjezere kupanga phwetekere ndi 55% m'nyengo yozizira. China Agricultural University yapanga ndi kupanga njira yosonkhanitsira ndi kutulutsa mafani ozizira pamwamba, yokhala ndi mphamvu yosonkhanitsa kutentha ya 390.6 ~ 693.0 MJ, ndipo yapereka lingaliro lolekanitsa njira yosonkhanitsira kutentha ndi njira yosungira kutentha pogwiritsa ntchito pampu yotenthetsera. Yunivesite ya Bari ku Italy yapanga njira yotenthetsera kutentha ya greenhouse polygeneration, yomwe ili ndi njira yamagetsi ya dzuwa ndi pampu yotenthetsera yamadzi ampweya, ndipo imatha kuwonjezera kutentha kwa mpweya ndi 3.6% ndi kutentha kwa nthaka ndi 92%. Gulu lofufuza lapanga mtundu wa zida zosonkhanitsira kutentha kwa dzuwa zomwe zimakhala ndi ngodya yosinthasintha ya greenhouse ya dzuwa, komanso chipangizo chothandizira chosungira kutentha cha madzi obiriwira m'nyengo yonse. Ukadaulo wosonkhanitsa kutentha kwa dzuwa womwe umagwira ntchito komanso wosinthasintha umadutsa malire a zida zosonkhanitsira kutentha zachikhalidwe, monga mphamvu yochepa yosonkhanitsira kutentha, mthunzi ndi kukhala m'malo olimidwa. Pogwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe kapadera ka greenhouse ka solar greenhouse, malo osabzala a greenhouse amagwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malo obiriwira azigwiritsidwa ntchito bwino. Pansi pa nthawi yogwira ntchito ya dzuwa, njira yogwiritsira ntchito kutentha kwa dzuwa yomwe imagwira ntchito komanso yosinthasintha imafika pa 1.9 MJ/(m2h), mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu imafika pa 85.1% ndipo mphamvu yosunga mphamvu ndi 77%. Mu ukadaulo wosungira kutentha kwa greenhouse, njira yosungira kutentha ya multi-phase imayikidwa, mphamvu yosungira kutentha ya chipangizo chosungira kutentha imawonjezeka, ndipo kutentha kumatuluka pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku chipangizocho, kuti tipeze kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kutentha komwe kwasonkhanitsidwa ndi zida zosungira kutentha za greenhouse.

mphamvu ya zamoyo

Kapangidwe katsopano kamamangidwa pophatikiza chipangizo chopangira kutentha cha biomass ndi nyumba yosungiramo zinthu, ndipo zinthu zopangira biomass monga manyowa a nkhumba, zotsalira za bowa ndi udzu zimapangidwa kuti zipange kutentha, ndipo mphamvu yotentha yopangidwa imaperekedwa mwachindunji ku nyumba yosungiramo zinthu [5]. Poyerekeza ndi nyumba yosungiramo zinthu yopanda biomass fermentation heating tank, nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zotenthetsera imatha kukweza kutentha kwa nthaka mu nyumba yosungiramo zinthu ndikusunga kutentha koyenera kwa mizu ya mbewu zomwe zimalimidwa m'nthaka nthawi yanyengo yanthawi yozizira. Kutengera nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zotenthetsera kutentha yokhala ndi gawo limodzi losafanana yokhala ndi kutalika kwa mamita 17 ndi mamita 30 mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera zinyalala zaulimi zokwana mamita 8 (udzu wa phwetekere ndi manyowa a nkhumba osakanikirana) mu thanki yosungiramo zinthu zotenthetsera mkati kuti zipange kutentha kwachilengedwe popanda kutembenuza muluwo kungawonjezere kutentha kwapakati pa tsiku kwa nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zotenthetsera ndi 4.2℃ nthawi yachisanu, ndipo kutentha kwapakati pa tsiku kumatha kufika madigiri 4.6℃.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya biomass yolamulidwa ndi njira yopangira fermentation yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zida ndi zida kuti ilamulire njira yopangira fermentation kuti ipeze mwachangu komanso bwino mphamvu ya kutentha ya biomass ndi feteleza wa mpweya wa CO2, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya ndi chinyezi zikhale zinthu zofunika kwambiri pakulamulira kutentha kwa fermentation ndi kupanga mpweya wa biomass. Pansi pa mpweya wokwanira, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timapanga fermentation timagwiritsa ntchito mpweya pa ntchito za moyo, ndipo gawo la mphamvu yopangidwayo limagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito zawo za moyo, ndipo gawo la mphamvuyo limatulutsidwa m'chilengedwe ngati mphamvu ya kutentha, zomwe zimathandiza kukwera kwa kutentha kwa chilengedwe. Madzi amatenga nawo mbali mu njira yonse yopangira fermentation, kupereka michere yofunikira yosungunuka pa ntchito za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso nthawi yomweyo kutulutsa kutentha kwa muluwo mu mawonekedwe a nthunzi kudzera m'madzi, kuti achepetse kutentha kwa muluwo, kutalikitsa moyo wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikuwonjezera kutentha kwakukulu kwa muluwo. Kuyika chipangizo cholowetsa udzu mu thanki yopangira fermentation kumatha kuwonjezera kutentha kwa mkati ndi 3 ~ 5℃ m'nyengo yozizira, kulimbitsa photosynthesis ya zomera ndikuwonjezera zipatso za phwetekere ndi 29.6%.

Mphamvu ya kutentha kwa dziko

China ili ndi zinthu zambiri zokhudzana ndi kutentha kwa dziko. Pakadali pano, njira yodziwika bwino yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ya kutentha kwa dziko lapansi ndikugwiritsa ntchito pampu yotenthetsera yomwe imachokera pansi, yomwe imatha kusamutsa mphamvu yotenthetsera yotsika kupita ku mphamvu yotenthetsera yapamwamba poika mphamvu zochepa zapamwamba (monga mphamvu yamagetsi). Mosiyana ndi njira zachikhalidwe zotenthetsera kutentha, kutentha kwa pampu yotenthetsera yomwe imachokera pansi sikungopangitsa kutentha kwakukulu, komanso kumatha kuziziritsa nyumba yotenthetsera ndikuchepetsa chinyezi mu nyumba yotenthetsera. Kafukufuku wogwiritsa ntchito pampu yotenthetsera yomwe imachokera pansi pa nthaka m'munda wa zomangamanga za nyumba ndi wachikulire. Gawo lalikulu lomwe limakhudza mphamvu yotenthetsera ndi kuziziritsa ya pampu yotenthetsera yomwe imachokera pansi pa nthaka ndi gawo losinthira kutentha la pansi pa nthaka, lomwe makamaka limaphatikizapo mapaipi obisika, zitsime zapansi pa nthaka, ndi zina zotero. Momwe mungapangire dongosolo losinthira kutentha la pansi pa nthaka lokhala ndi mtengo woyenera komanso zotsatira zabwino nthawi zonse lakhala cholinga chachikulu cha kafukufuku wa gawoli. Nthawi yomweyo, kusintha kwa kutentha kwa nthaka yapansi panthaka pakugwiritsa ntchito pampu yotenthetsera yomwe imachokera pansi kumakhudzanso momwe makina otenthetsera amagwirira ntchito. Kugwiritsa ntchito mpope wotenthetsera womwe umachokera pansi kuziziritsa nyumba yobiriwira nthawi yachilimwe ndikusunga mphamvu yotenthetsera m'nthaka yakuya kungathandize kuchepetsa kutentha kwa nthaka ya pansi pa nthaka ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yopangira kutentha kwa mpope wotenthetsera womwe umachokera pansi pa nthaka m'nyengo yozizira.

Pakadali pano, mu kafukufuku wa momwe pampu yotenthetsera ya nthaka imagwirira ntchito komanso momwe imagwirira ntchito, kudzera mu deta yeniyeni yoyesera, chitsanzo cha manambala chimakhazikitsidwa ndi mapulogalamu monga TOUGH2 ndi TRNSYS, ndipo zatsimikiziridwa kuti momwe kutentha kumagwirira ntchito komanso kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito (COP) a pampu yotenthetsera ya nthaka kumatha kufika 3.0 ~ 4.5, zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu yoziziritsira komanso kutentha bwino. Mu kafukufuku wa njira yogwiritsira ntchito makina otenthetsera, Fu Yunzhun ndi ena adapeza kuti poyerekeza ndi kayendedwe ka mbali ya katundu, kayendedwe ka mbali ya pansi kamakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a chipangizocho komanso momwe chitoliro chotenthetsera chimagwirira ntchito. Pansi pa momwe madzi amayendera, COP yapamwamba kwambiri ya chipangizocho imatha kufika 4.17 potengera njira yogwirira ntchito kwa maola awiri ndikuyimitsa kwa maola awiri; Shi Huixian et. adagwiritsa ntchito njira yogwirira ntchito yoziziritsira madzi nthawi ndi nthawi. M'chilimwe, kutentha kukakhala kwakukulu, COP ya makina onse operekera mphamvu imatha kufika 3.80.

Ukadaulo wosungira kutentha kwa nthaka yozama mu greenhouse

Kusunga kutentha kwa nthaka yozama mu greenhouse kumatchedwanso "banki yosungira kutentha" mu greenhouse. Kuwonongeka kozizira nthawi yozizira ndi kutentha kwambiri nthawi yachilimwe ndi zopinga zazikulu pakupanga greenhouse. Kutengera mphamvu yosungira kutentha ya nthaka yozama, gulu lofufuza linapanga chipangizo chosungira kutentha cha pansi pa greenhouse. Chipangizochi ndi payipi yolumikizirana yotenthetsera kutentha yokhala ndi zigawo ziwiri yobisika pansi pa greenhouse yakuya 1.5 ~ 2.5m, yokhala ndi mpweya wolowera pamwamba pa greenhouse ndi malo otulutsira mpweya pansi. Kutentha kwa greenhouse kukakwera, mpweya wamkati umapopedwa mwamphamvu pansi ndi fan kuti kutentha kusungidwe komanso kuchepetsa. Kutentha kwa greenhouse kukachepa, kutentha kumachotsedwa m'nthaka kuti kutenthetse greenhouse. Zotsatira za kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zikuwonetsa kuti chipangizochi chikhoza kuwonjezera kutentha kwa greenhouse ndi 2.3℃ usiku wachisanu, kuchepetsa kutentha kwa mkati ndi 2.6℃ masana achilimwe, ndikuwonjezera phindu la phwetekere ndi 1500kg mu 667 m²Chipangizochi chimagwiritsa ntchito mokwanira makhalidwe a "kutentha nthawi yozizira ndi kuzizira nthawi yachilimwe" ndi "kutentha kosalekeza" kwa nthaka yakuya pansi pa nthaka, chimapereka "banki yopezera mphamvu" ya nyumba yobiriwira, ndipo chimamaliza ntchito zothandizira kuziziritsa ndi kutentha kwa nyumba yobiriwira nthawi zonse.

Kugwirizana kwa mphamvu zambiri

Kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu iwiri kapena kuposerapo ya mphamvu kutentha nyumba yobiriwira kungathandize kuthetsa mavuto a mtundu umodzi wa mphamvu, ndikupereka mwayi kwa zotsatira za superposition ya "chimodzi kuphatikiza chimodzi ndi chachikulu kuposa ziwiri". Mgwirizano wothandizana pakati pa mphamvu ya geothermal ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi malo ofufuzira ogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zatsopano pakupanga ulimi m'zaka zaposachedwa. Emmi et. adaphunzira njira yamagetsi yamagwero ambiri (Chithunzi 1), yomwe ili ndi chosonkhanitsa cha dzuwa chosakanikirana ndi kutentha. Poyerekeza ndi njira yodziwika bwino ya pampu yotenthetsera madzi ndi mpweya, mphamvu yamagetsi ya njira yamagetsi yamagwero ambiri imawonjezeka ndi 16% ~ 25%. Zheng et. adapanga mtundu watsopano wa njira yosungira kutentha yolumikizidwa ya mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi pampu yotenthetsera ya nthaka. Dongosolo losonkhanitsa mphamvu ya dzuwa limatha kusunga kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri nyengo, ndiko kuti, kutentha kwapamwamba nthawi yozizira komanso kuzizira kwapamwamba nthawi yachilimwe. Chosinthira kutentha cha chubu chobisika ndi thanki yosungira kutentha nthawi zina zimatha kuyenda bwino mu dongosololi, ndipo mtengo wa COP wa dongosololi ukhoza kufika pa 6.96.

Pogwirizana ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa, cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamalonda ndikuwonjezera kukhazikika kwa mphamvu ya dzuwa mu greenhouse. Wan Ya et. adapereka njira yatsopano yowongolera yanzeru yophatikiza kupanga mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi mphamvu yamalonda kuti itenthetse greenhouse, zomwe zingagwiritse ntchito mphamvu ya photovoltaic pamene pali kuwala, ndikusandutsa mphamvu yamalonda pamene palibe kuwala, kuchepetsa kwambiri kusowa kwa mphamvu yamagetsi, ndikuchepetsa ndalama zogulira popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mabatire.

Mphamvu ya dzuwa, mphamvu ya biomass ndi mphamvu yamagetsi zimatha kutenthetsa nyumba zobiriwira, zomwe zimathandizanso kutentha kwambiri. Zhang Liangrui ndi ena adaphatikiza kusonkhanitsa kutentha kwa chubu cha vacuum cha solar ndi thanki yamadzi yosungiramo kutentha yamagetsi ya chigwa. Dongosolo lotenthetsera la greenhouse lili ndi chitonthozo chabwino cha kutentha, ndipo mphamvu yapakati yotenthetsera ya dongosololi ndi 68.70%. Thanki yamadzi yosungiramo kutentha yamagetsi ndi chipangizo chosungiramo madzi otenthetsera biomass chokhala ndi kutentha kwamagetsi. Kutentha kotsika kwambiri kwa malo olowera madzi kumapeto kwa kutentha kumakhazikitsidwa, ndipo njira yogwirira ntchito ya dongosololi imatsimikiziridwa malinga ndi kutentha kwa madzi kwa gawo losonkhanitsa kutentha kwa dzuwa ndi gawo losungiramo kutentha kwa biomass, kuti athe kutentha kokhazikika kumapeto kwa kutentha ndikusunga mphamvu yamagetsi ndi zinthu zamagetsi mpaka pamlingo waukulu.

Kafukufuku Watsopano ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zipangizo Zatsopano Zobiriwira

Pamene malo obiriwira akukulirakulira, mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha zinthu zakale zobiriwira monga njerwa ndi dothi akuonekera kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kuti pakhale kutentha kwa kutentha kwa nyumba yobiriwira komanso kukwaniritsa zosowa za nyumba yamakono yobiriwira, pali kafukufuku wambiri ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zatsopano zowonekera bwino, zinthu zotetezera kutentha ndi zinthu zapakhoma.

Kafukufuku ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zatsopano zowonekera bwino

Mitundu ya zipangizo zowonekera bwino zophimbira nyumba zobiriwira makamaka zimaphatikizapo filimu ya pulasitiki, galasi, solar panel ndi photovoltaic panel, zomwe filimu ya pulasitiki ndi malo ogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Filimu yachikhalidwe ya greenhouse PE ili ndi zolakwika za nthawi yochepa yogwira ntchito, yosawonongeka komanso ntchito imodzi. Pakadali pano, mafilimu osiyanasiyana atsopano ogwirira ntchito apangidwa powonjezera ma reagents kapena zokutira zogwirira ntchito.

Filimu yosinthira kuwala:Filimu yosinthira kuwala imasintha mawonekedwe a filimuyi pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosinthira kuwala monga zinthu zosadziwika bwino za nthaka ndi nano, ndipo imatha kusintha dera la kuwala kwa ultraviolet kukhala kuwala kofiira kwa lalanje ndi kuwala kwa buluu wa violet komwe kumafunikira ndi photosynthesis ya zomera, motero kuwonjezera zokolola ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa kuwala kwa ultraviolet ku mbewu ndi mafilimu obiriwira m'nyumba zobiriwira zapulasitiki. Mwachitsanzo, filimu yobiriwira yofiirira mpaka yofiira yokhala ndi chothandizira chosinthira kuwala cha VTR-660 imatha kusintha kwambiri kufalikira kwa infrared ikagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nyumba zobiriwira, ndipo poyerekeza ndi nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zoyang'anira, zokolola za phwetekere pa hekitala, vitamini C ndi kuchuluka kwa lycopene zikuwonjezeka kwambiri ndi 25.71%, 11.11% ndi 33.04% motsatana. Komabe, pakadali pano, moyo wautumiki, kuwonongeka ndi mtengo wa filimu yatsopano yosinthira kuwala zikufunikabe kuphunziridwa.

Galasi lobalalika: Magalasi omwazikana mu greenhouse ndi njira yapadera komanso ukadaulo woletsa kuwunikira pamwamba pa galasi, zomwe zimatha kuwonjezera kuwala kwa dzuwa kulowa mu kuwala komwazikana ndikulowa mu greenhouse, kukonza luso la photosynthesis la mbewu ndikuwonjezera zokolola. Magalasi omwazikana amasandutsa kuwala kolowa mu greenhouse kukhala kuwala komwazikana kudzera mu mapangidwe apadera, ndipo kuwala komwazikana kumatha kuyatsidwa mofanana mu greenhouse, kuchotsa mphamvu ya mthunzi wa mafupa pa greenhouse. Poyerekeza ndi galasi wamba loyandama ndi galasi loyandama loyera kwambiri, muyezo wotumizira kuwala kwa galasi loyandama ndi 91.5%, ndipo wa galasi wamba woyandama ndi 88%. Pa kuwonjezeka kulikonse kwa 1% kwa kuwala mkati mwa greenhouse, zokolola zimatha kuwonjezeka ndi pafupifupi 3%, ndipo shuga wosungunuka ndi vitamini C mu zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zawonjezeka. Magalasi omwazikana mu greenhouse amaphimbidwa kaye kenako amachepetsedwa, ndipo liwiro lodziphulika lokha ndi lalikulu kuposa muyezo wadziko lonse, kufika pa 2‰.

Kafukufuku ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zipangizo Zatsopano Zotetezera Kutentha

Zipangizo zotetezera kutentha zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'nyumba zobiriwira zimaphatikizapo udzu, nsalu yophimba mapepala, nsalu yotetezera kutentha yokhala ndi singano, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poteteza kutentha kwa denga mkati ndi kunja, kutetezera makoma ndi kutetezera kutentha kwa zipangizo zina zosungira kutentha ndi zosonkhanitsira kutentha. Zambiri mwa izo zimakhala ndi vuto lotaya mphamvu yotetezera kutentha chifukwa cha chinyezi chamkati pambuyo pozigwiritsa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa chake, pali njira zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zatsopano zotetezera kutentha kwambiri, zomwe kafukufuku akuyang'ana kwambiri ndi nsalu yatsopano yotetezera kutentha, yosungira kutentha ndi zipangizo zosonkhanitsira kutentha.

Zipangizo zatsopano zotetezera kutentha nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa pokonza ndi kuphatikiza pamwamba zinthu zosalowa madzi komanso zokalamba monga filimu yolukidwa ndi thonje lophimbidwa ndi zinthu zofewa zotetezera kutentha monga thonje lopopera, thonje la cashmere ndi thonje la ngale. Chophimba chotetezera kutentha cha thonje chopopera ndi filimu yophimbidwa ... 500g. Zinapezeka kuti kuwonjezera thonje lophimbidwa ndi thonje la 500g kunali kofanana ndi momwe thonje lophimbidwa ndi thonje la 4500g la black felt likugwirira ntchito pamsika. Pazifukwa zomwezi, mphamvu ya thonje lophimbidwa ndi thonje la 700g lophimbidwa ndi thonje lophimbidwa ndi 700g linakwera ndi 1 ~ 2 ℃ poyerekeza ndi mphamvu ya thonje lophimbidwa ndi thonje la 700g lophimbidwa ndi 70 Kutentha kozizira kwambiri panja kukakhala -24.4℃, kutentha kwa mkati kumatha kufika pa 5.4 ndi 4.2℃ motsatana. Poyerekeza ndi bulangeti lotchingira la udzu umodzi, bulangeti latsopano lotchingira la composite lili ndi ubwino wolemera pang'ono, kutentha kwakukulu, kukana madzi ndi kukalamba, ndipo lingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mtundu watsopano wa zinthu zotchingira zamphamvu kwambiri m'nyumba zobiriwira za dzuwa.

Nthawi yomweyo, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa zipangizo zotetezera kutentha za zipangizo zosonkhanitsira kutentha ndi zosungiramo kutentha, zapezekanso kuti pamene makulidwe ali ofanana, zipangizo zotetezera kutentha zambiri zimakhala ndi mphamvu yabwino yotetezera kutentha kuposa zipangizo chimodzi. Gulu la Pulofesa Li Jianming kuchokera ku Northwest A&F University linapanga ndikuwunika mitundu 22 ya zipangizo zotetezera kutentha za zipangizo zosungira madzi osungira kutentha, monga bolodi la vacuum, airgel ndi thonje la rabara, ndipo anayeza mphamvu zawo zotetezera kutentha. Zotsatira zake zinasonyeza kuti chophimba cha 80mm chotetezera kutentha + airgel + rabara-pulasitiki chotetezera kutentha cha thonje chotetezera kutentha chingachepetse kutaya kutentha ndi 0.367MJ pa unit time poyerekeza ndi thonje la 80mm la rabara-pulasitiki, ndipo kutentha kwake kunali 0.283W/(m2·k) pamene makulidwe a kuphatikiza kwa kutetezera kutentha anali 100mm.

Zipangizo zosintha magawo ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimafunidwa kwambiri pa kafukufuku wa zinthu zobiriwira. Northwest A&F University yapanga mitundu iwiri ya zipangizo zosungiramo zinthu zosintha magawo: imodzi ndi bokosi losungiramo zinthu lopangidwa ndi polyethylene yakuda, yomwe ili ndi kukula kwa 50cm × 30cm × 14cm (kutalika × kutalika × makulidwe) ndipo ili ndi zinthu zosintha magawo, kuti isunge kutentha ndikutulutsa kutentha; Kachiwiri, mtundu watsopano wa bolodi losintha magawo umapangidwa. Bolodi losintha magawo limapangidwa ndi zinthu zosintha magawo, mbale ya aluminiyamu, mbale ya aluminiyamu-pulasitiki ndi aluminiyamu. Zipangizo zosintha magawo zili pakati pa bolodi la khoma, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi 200mm × 200mm × 50mm. Ndi ufa wolimba usanayambe komanso utatha kusintha magawo, ndipo palibe chodabwitsa chosungunuka kapena kuyenda. Makoma anayi a zipangizo zosintha magawo ndi mbale ya aluminiyamu ndi mbale ya aluminiyamu-pulasitiki, motsatana. Chipangizochi chimatha kugwira ntchito zosungira kutentha masana ndikutulutsa kutentha usiku.

Chifukwa chake, pali mavuto ena pakugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotetezera kutentha, monga kuchepetsa kutentha, kutaya kutentha kwambiri, nthawi yochepa yosungira kutentha, ndi zina zotero. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotetezera kutentha monga zinthu zotetezera kutentha komanso zinthu zotetezera kutentha mkati ndi kunja, kungathandize kwambiri kuti kutentha kusamayende bwino, kuchepetsa kutentha, komanso kuchepetsa mphamvu.

Kafukufuku ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Khoma Latsopano

Monga mtundu wa kapangidwe ka khoma, khoma ndi chotchinga chofunikira kwambiri choteteza kuzizira kwa nyumba yobiriwira komanso kusunga kutentha. Malinga ndi zipangizo ndi kapangidwe ka khoma, chitukuko cha khoma lakumpoto la nyumba yobiriwira chingagawidwe m'mitundu itatu: khoma lopangidwa ndi dothi, njerwa, ndi zina zotero, ndi khoma lakumpoto lopangidwa ndi njerwa zadothi, njerwa zomangira, matabwa a polystyrene, ndi zina zotero, lokhala ndi malo osungiramo kutentha mkati ndi kutentha kwakunja, ndipo makoma ambiriwa ndi otenga nthawi yambiri komanso ofunikira ntchito; Chifukwa chake, m'zaka zaposachedwa, mitundu yambiri yatsopano ya makoma yawonekera, yomwe ndi yosavuta kumanga komanso yoyenera kusonkhana mwachangu.

Kutuluka kwa makoma atsopano osonkhanitsidwa kumalimbikitsa kukula kwachangu kwa nyumba zosungiramo zomera zosonkhanitsidwa, kuphatikizapo makoma atsopano okhala ndi zinthu zakunja zosalowa madzi komanso zoletsa kukalamba monga felt, thonje la ngale, thonje lamlengalenga, thonje lagalasi kapena thonje lobwezerezedwanso ngati zigawo zotetezera kutentha, monga makoma osonkhanitsidwa osinthika a thonje lopopera ku Xinjiang. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wina wanenanso za khoma lakumpoto la nyumba yosungiramo zomera zosonkhanitsidwa yokhala ndi gawo losungira kutentha, monga njerwa yodzaza ndi njerwa ya tirigu wothira matope ku Xinjiang. Pansi pa malo omwewo akunja, pamene kutentha kochepa kwambiri kwakunja kuli -20.8℃, kutentha kwa nyumba yosungiramo zomera zosonkhanitsidwa ndi solar shell matope ndi khoma lophatikizana ndi 7.5℃, pomwe kutentha kwa nyumba yosungiramo zomera zosonkhanitsidwa ndi solar shell ndi khoma lopangidwa ndi njerwa ndi 3.2℃. Nthawi yokolola phwetekere mu nyumba yosungiramo zomera zosonkhanitsidwa ndi njerwa ikhoza kukwezedwa ndi masiku 16, ndipo zokolola za nyumba imodzi yosungiramo zomera zitha kukwera ndi 18.4%.

Gulu la malo ogwirira ntchito ku Northwest A&F University linapereka lingaliro la kapangidwe ka zinthu zopangira udzu, dothi, madzi, miyala ndi zinthu zosintha magawo kukhala ma module oteteza kutentha ndi malo osungira kutentha kuchokera mbali ya kuwala ndi kapangidwe kosavuta ka khoma, zomwe zinalimbikitsa kafukufuku wogwiritsa ntchito khoma losonkhanitsidwa modular. Mwachitsanzo, poyerekeza ndi nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zobiriwira ya njerwa wamba, kutentha kwapakati pa nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zobiriwira kumakhala kokwera ndi 4.0℃ patsiku la dzuwa. Mitundu itatu ya ma module a simenti yosintha magawo a inorganic, omwe amapangidwa ndi zinthu zosintha magawo (PCM) ndi simenti, asonkhanitsa kutentha kwa 74.5, 88.0 ndi 95.1 MJ/m³, ndipo kutentha kwa 59.8, 67.8 ndi 84.2 MJ/m³, motsatana. Amagwira ntchito ya "kudula mitengo kwambiri" masana, "kudzaza chigwa" usiku, kuyamwa kutentha m'chilimwe ndi kutulutsa kutentha m'nyengo yozizira.

Makoma atsopanowa amamangidwa pamalopo, ndipo nthawi yomanga ndi yochepa komanso nthawi yayitali yogwira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale malo omangira nyumba zobiriwira zopepuka, zosavuta komanso zomangidwa mwachangu, ndipo zimatha kulimbikitsa kwambiri kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka nyumba zobiriwira. Komabe, pali zolakwika zina pakhoma lamtunduwu, monga khoma lopaka utoto wothira kutentha lomwe lili ndi thonje lopopera lomwe lili ndi mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yotetezera kutentha, koma silikhala ndi mphamvu yosungira kutentha, ndipo zipangizo zomangira zomwe zimasinthidwa zimakhala ndi vuto la ndalama zambiri zogwiritsidwa ntchito. M'tsogolomu, kafukufuku wogwiritsa ntchito khoma losonkhanitsidwa uyenera kukulitsidwa.

Mphamvu zatsopano, zipangizo zatsopano ndi mapangidwe atsopano zimathandiza kusintha kapangidwe ka nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale.

Kafukufuku ndi zatsopano za mphamvu zatsopano ndi zipangizo zatsopano zimapereka maziko a kapangidwe katsopano ka nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zobiriwira. Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zobiriwira pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi arch shed ndi nyumba zazikulu kwambiri zosungiramo zinthu zobiriwira ku China, ndipo zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa ulimi. Komabe, ndi chitukuko cha chuma cha anthu ku China, zofooka za mitundu iwiri ya nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zikuonekera kwambiri. Choyamba, malo a nyumba zosungiramo zinthu ndi ochepa ndipo kuchuluka kwa makina ndi kochepa; Chachiwiri, nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zobiriwira pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa ili ndi kutentha kwabwino, koma kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka ndi kochepa, zomwe zikufanana ndi kusintha mphamvu ya nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zobiriwira ndi nthaka. Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zobiriwira wamba sikuti ili ndi malo ochepa okha, komanso ili ndi kutentha kochepa. Ngakhale nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zobiriwira yokhala ndi malo ambiri ili ndi malo akuluakulu, ili ndi kutentha kochepa komanso mphamvu zambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kufufuza ndikupanga nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zobiriwira yoyenera kukula kwa chikhalidwe ndi zachuma ku China, ndipo kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha mphamvu zatsopano ndi zipangizo zatsopano zidzathandiza nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zobiriwira kusintha ndikupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zobiriwira.

Kafukufuku Watsopano pa Malo Opangira Mowa Osasinthasintha Omwe Amayendetsedwa ndi Madzi

Nyumba yopangira mowa yopangidwa ndi madzi yopangidwa ndi matabwa akuluakulu (nambala ya patent: ZL 201220391214.2) imachokera ku mfundo ya nyumba yopangira mowa yopangidwa ndi dzuwa, kusintha kapangidwe ka nyumba yopangira mowa ya pulasitiki yamba, kuwonjezera kutalika kwa kum'mwera, kuwonjezera malo owunikira a denga lakum'mwera, kuchepetsa kutalika kwa kumpoto ndikuchepetsa malo otaya kutentha, ndi kutalika kwa 18 ~ 24m ndi kutalika kwa phiri la 6 ~ 7m. Kudzera mu luso lamakono, kapangidwe ka malo kawonjezeka kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, mavuto a kutentha kosakwanira mu nyumba yopangira mowa m'nyengo yozizira komanso kutetezedwa bwino kwa kutentha kwa zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito popangira mowa zimathetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo watsopano wa zinthu zopangira kutentha ndi zotetezera kutentha. Zotsatira za kupanga ndi kafukufuku zikusonyeza kuti nyumba yopangira mowa yopangidwa ndi madzi yocheperako, yokhala ndi kutentha kwapakati pa 11.7℃ masiku a dzuwa ndi 10.8℃ masiku a mitambo, imatha kukwaniritsa kufunikira kwa kukula kwa mbewu m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo mtengo womangira nyumba yopangira mowa umachepetsedwa ndi 39.6% ndipo kuchuluka kwa nthaka komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kumawonjezeka ndi kupitirira 30% poyerekeza ndi nyumba yopangira mowa yopangidwa ndi njerwa ya polystyrene, yomwe ndi yoyenera kufalikira ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku Yellow Huaihe River Basin ku China.

Chomera chobiriwira cha dzuwa chosonkhanitsidwa

Chosungiramo zinthu chopangidwa ndi dzuwa chimatenga mizati ndi mafupa a denga ngati kapangidwe konyamula katundu, ndipo khoma lake makamaka ndi loteteza kutentha, m'malo monyamula ndi kusunga kutentha pang'ono ndi kutulutsa. Makamaka: (1) mtundu watsopano wa khoma losonkhanitsidwa umapangidwa pophatikiza zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga filimu yokutidwa kapena mbale yachitsulo yamtundu, chipika cha udzu, bulangeti losinthasintha loteteza kutentha, chipika cha mortar, ndi zina zotero. (2) bolodi la khoma lopangidwa ndi bolodi la simenti lopangidwa kale - bolodi la polystyrene - bolodi la simenti; (3) Mtundu wopepuka komanso wosavuta wa zinthu zotetezera kutentha ndi njira yosungira kutentha komanso njira yochotsera chinyezi, monga chosungira kutentha cha chidebe cha pulasitiki ndi chosungira kutentha cha mapaipi. Kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zatsopano zotetezera kutentha ndi zinthu zosungira kutentha m'malo mwa khoma lachilengedwe la nthaka kumanga chosungiramo zinthu cha dzuwa kuli ndi malo akuluakulu komanso zomangamanga zazing'ono. Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zikuwonetsa kuti kutentha kwa chipinda chosungiramo zinthu usiku m'nyengo yozizira ndi 4.5℃ kuposa kwa chipinda chosungiramo zinthu chachikhalidwe cha njerwa, ndipo makulidwe a khoma lakumbuyo ndi 166mm. Poyerekeza ndi nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale yokhala ndi khoma la njerwa yokwana 600mm, malo okhala khomalo amachepetsedwa ndi 72%, ndipo mtengo wake pa mita imodzi ndi 334.5 yuan, zomwe ndi zotsika ndi 157.2 yuan poyerekeza ndi nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale yokhala ndi khoma la njerwa, ndipo mtengo womanga nyumbayo watsika kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale yokhala ndi malo osungiramo zinthu zakale ili ndi ubwino wowononga nthaka yosalimidwa bwino, kusunga malo, liwiro la zomangamanga mwachangu komanso moyo wautali, ndipo ndi njira yofunika kwambiri pakupanga ndi kupanga nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zakale zokhala ndi dzuwa pakadali pano komanso mtsogolo.

Kutentha kwa dzuwa kotsetsereka

Nyumba yosungira mphamvu ya dzuwa yopangidwa ndi skateboard yomwe idapangidwa ndi Shenyang Agricultural University imagwiritsa ntchito khoma lakumbuyo la nyumba yosungiramo kutentha ya dzuwa kupanga njira yosungira kutentha kwa khoma yozungulira madzi kuti isunge kutentha ndikukweza kutentha, komwe kumapangidwa makamaka ndi dziwe losambira (32m).³), mbale yopepuka yosonkhanitsira (360m²), pampu yamadzi, chitoliro chamadzi ndi chowongolera. Chophimba chofewa chotenthetsera kutentha chasinthidwa ndi nsalu yatsopano yachitsulo yopepuka ya ubweya wa miyala pamwamba. Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti kapangidwe kameneka kamathetsa bwino vuto la ma gables omwe amatseka kuwala, ndikuwonjezera malo olowera kuwala mu greenhouse. Ngodya yowunikira ya greenhouse ndi 41.5°, yomwe ndi yokwera pafupifupi 16° kuposa ya greenhouse yowongolera, motero imakweza liwiro la kuwala. Kugawa kutentha kwamkati kumakhala kofanana, ndipo zomera zimakula bwino. Greenhouse ili ndi ubwino wowongolera kugwiritsa ntchito bwino nthaka, kupanga kukula kwa greenhouse mosinthasintha komanso kufupikitsa nthawi yomanga, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri poteteza nthaka yolimidwa komanso chilengedwe.

Chomera chobiriwira cha photovoltaic

Malo obiriwira a zaulimi ndi malo obiriwira omwe amaphatikiza kupanga mphamvu ya dzuwa ya photovoltaic, kuwongolera kutentha mwanzeru komanso kubzala zinthu zamakono zamakono. Amagwiritsa ntchito chimango chachitsulo ndipo amaphimbidwa ndi ma module a solar photovoltaic kuti atsimikizire zofunikira pakuwunika kwa ma module opanga mphamvu ya photovoltaic ndi zofunikira pakuwunika kwa malo obiriwira onse. Mphamvu yamagetsi yopangidwa ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa imawonjezera mwachindunji kuwala kwa malo obiriwira a zaulimi, imathandizira mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito abwinobwino a zida zobiriwira, imayendetsa kuthirira madzi, imawonjezera kutentha kwa malo obiriwira ndikulimbikitsa kukula mwachangu kwa mbewu. Ma module a photovoltaic mwanjira iyi amakhudza magwiridwe antchito a denga la malo obiriwira, kenako amakhudza kukula kwabwinobwino kwa ndiwo zamasamba zobiriwira. Chifukwa chake, kapangidwe kabwino ka ma panel a photovoltaic padenga la malo obiriwira kamakhala mfundo yofunika kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito. Malo obiriwira a zaulimi ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi kuphatikiza kwachilengedwe kwa ulimi wowona malo ndi minda ya malo, ndipo ndi bizinesi yatsopano yaulimi yophatikiza kupanga mphamvu ya photovoltaic, malo owonera zaulimi, mbewu zaulimi, ukadaulo waulimi, malo ndi chitukuko cha chikhalidwe.

Kapangidwe katsopano ka gulu la nyumba zobiriwira pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyumba zobiriwira

Guo Wenzhong, wofufuza ku Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, amagwiritsa ntchito njira yotenthetsera mphamvu pakati pa nyumba zobiriwira kuti asonkhanitse mphamvu yotsala yotenthetsera m'nyumba imodzi kapena zingapo zobiriwira kuti atenthetse nyumba ina kapena zingapo zobiriwira. Njira yotenthetsera imeneyi imapangitsa kuti mphamvu yotenthetsera kutentha isamutsidwe munthawi ndi malo, imawongolera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu bwino kwa mphamvu yotenthetsera kutentha yotsalayo, ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yonse yotenthetsera. Mitundu iwiri ya nyumba zobiriwira ikhoza kukhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyumba zobiriwira kapena mtundu womwewo wa nyumba zobiriwira zobzalira mbewu zosiyanasiyana, monga nyumba zobiriwira za letesi ndi phwetekere. Njira zosonkhanitsira kutentha zimaphatikizapo kutulutsa kutentha kwa mpweya wamkati ndikuletsa mwachindunji kuwala kwadzidzidzi. Kudzera mu kusonkhanitsa mphamvu ya dzuwa, kukakamiza convection ndi chosinthira kutentha ndi kukakamiza kuchotsa ndi pampu yotenthetsera, kutentha kochulukirapo mu nyumba yotenthetsera kutentha kwamphamvu kunachotsedwa kuti kutenthetsere nyumba zobiriwira.

chidule

Nyumba zatsopano zosungiramo zinthu zogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa izi zili ndi ubwino womanga mwachangu, nthawi yomangidwa yochepa komanso kuchuluka kwa momwe nthaka imagwiritsidwira ntchito bwino. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kufufuza momwe nyumba zatsopano zosungiramo zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana zimagwirira ntchito, ndikupereka mwayi woti nyumba zatsopano zosungiramo zinthu zifalikire komanso zigwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kulimbitsa nthawi zonse kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zatsopano ndi zinthu zatsopano m'nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito, kuti pakhale mphamvu yokonzanso kapangidwe ka nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kuyembekezera ndi kuganiza zamtsogolo

Malo osungiramo zinthu zakale nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zovuta zina, monga kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka yochepa, kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yambiri komanso nthawi yochepa, kusagwira ntchito bwino, ndi zina zotero, zomwe sizingakwaniritse zosowa za ulimi wamakono, ndipo zidzachotsedwa pang'onopang'ono. Chifukwa chake, ndi njira yopitira patsogolo kugwiritsa ntchito magwero atsopano a mphamvu monga mphamvu ya dzuwa, mphamvu ya biomass, mphamvu ya geothermal ndi mphamvu ya mphepo, zipangizo zatsopano zogwiritsira ntchito kutentha ndi mapangidwe atsopano kuti zilimbikitse kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka kutentha. Choyamba, nyumba yatsopano yosungiramo zinthu zakale yoyendetsedwa ndi mphamvu zatsopano ndi zipangizo zatsopano siyenera kungokwaniritsa zosowa za makina okha, komanso kusunga mphamvu, nthaka ndi ndalama. Kachiwiri, ndikofunikira kufufuza nthawi zonse momwe nyumba zatsopano zosungiramo zinthu zakale zimagwirira ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuti tipereke mikhalidwe yoti nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zakale zifalikire kwambiri. M'tsogolomu, tiyenera kufunafuna mphamvu zatsopano ndi zipangizo zatsopano zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha, ndikupeza kuphatikiza kwabwino kwa mphamvu zatsopano, zipangizo zatsopano ndi kutentha, kuti tithe kumanga nyumba yatsopano yosungiramo zinthu zakale yokhala ndi mtengo wotsika, nthawi yochepa yomanga, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino, kuthandiza kapangidwe ka nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale kusintha ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko cha nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zakale ku China.

Ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zatsopano, zipangizo zatsopano, ndi mapangidwe atsopano pomanga nyumba zobiriwira ndi njira yosapeŵeka, pali mavuto ambiri oti aphunzire ndikuthana nawo: (1) Mtengo womanga ukuwonjezeka. Poyerekeza ndi kutentha kwachikhalidwe ndi malasha, gasi wachilengedwe kapena mafuta, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zatsopano ndi zipangizo zatsopano ndikosamala chilengedwe komanso kopanda kuipitsa, koma mtengo womanga ukuwonjezeka kwambiri, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kubwezeretsa ndalama zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito. Poyerekeza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, mtengo wa zipangizo zatsopano udzawonjezeka kwambiri. (2) Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zotentha kosakhazikika. Ubwino waukulu wogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zatsopano ndi wotsika mtengo wogwirira ntchito komanso mpweya wochepa wa carbon dioxide, koma kupereka mphamvu ndi kutentha sikukhazikika, ndipo masiku a mitambo amakhala chinthu chachikulu choletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa. Pakupanga kutentha kwa biomass pogwiritsa ntchito kuwiritsa, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu imeneyi kumachepetsedwa ndi mavuto a mphamvu zotentha zochepa, kuyang'anira ndi kuwongolera kovuta, komanso malo osungiramo zinthu zopangira. (3) Kukhwima kwaukadaulo. Ukadaulo uwu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mphamvu zatsopano ndi kafukufuku wapamwamba komanso zopambana zaukadaulo, ndipo malo awo ogwiritsira ntchito ndi malo ake akadali ochepa. Sanadutsepo kangapo, malo ambiri komanso kutsimikizira kwakukulu kwa machitidwe, ndipo mosakayikira pali zofooka zina ndi zomwe zili muukadaulo zomwe ziyenera kukonzedwa bwino pakugwiritsa ntchito. Ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri amakana kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo chifukwa cha zofooka zazing'ono. (4) Kuchuluka kwa ukadaulo komwe kumalowa m'malo mwake ndi kochepa. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu kwa sayansi ndi ukadaulo kumafuna kutchuka kwina. Pakadali pano, mphamvu zatsopano, ukadaulo watsopano ndi ukadaulo watsopano wopanga nyumba zobiriwira zonse zili mgulu la malo ofufuzira asayansi m'mayunivesite omwe ali ndi luso linalake lopanga zinthu zatsopano, ndipo ambiri ofuna ukadaulo kapena opanga mapulani sakudziwabe; Nthawi yomweyo, kufalikira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo watsopano kudakali kochepa chifukwa zida zazikulu za ukadaulo watsopano zili ndi patent. (5) Kuphatikiza mphamvu zatsopano, zida zatsopano ndi kapangidwe ka nyumba zobiriwira kuyenera kukulitsidwa kwambiri. Chifukwa mphamvu, zida ndi kapangidwe ka nyumba zobiriwira ndi magawo atatu osiyana, aluso omwe ali ndi chidziwitso pakupanga nyumba zobiriwira nthawi zambiri sakhala ndi kafukufuku pa mphamvu ndi zipangizo zokhudzana ndi nyumba zobiriwira, ndipo mosemphanitsa; Chifukwa chake, ofufuza okhudzana ndi kafukufuku wa mphamvu ndi zinthu ayenera kulimbitsa kufufuza ndi kumvetsetsa zosowa zenizeni za chitukuko cha mafakitale okongoletsa nyumba, ndipo opanga mapulani ayeneranso kuphunzira zinthu zatsopano ndi mphamvu zatsopano kuti alimbikitse kuphatikizana kwakukulu kwa maubwenzi atatuwa, kuti akwaniritse cholinga cha ukadaulo wofufuza za kutentha, mtengo wotsika womanga komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino. Kutengera ndi mavuto omwe ali pamwambapa, akuti maboma, maboma am'deralo ndi malo ofufuzira asayansi ayenera kulimbikitsa kafukufuku waukadaulo, kuchita kafukufuku wogwirizana mozama, kulimbitsa kufalitsa zomwe zachitika pa sayansi ndi ukadaulo, kukonza kufalikira kwa zomwe zachitika, ndikukwaniritsa mwachangu cholinga cha mphamvu zatsopano ndi zinthu zatsopano kuti zithandize chitukuko chatsopano cha mafakitale okongoletsa nyumba.

Zambiri zomwe zatchulidwa

Li Jianming, Sun Guotao, Li Haojie, Li Rui, Hu Yixin. Mphamvu zatsopano, zipangizo zatsopano ndi kapangidwe katsopano zimathandiza kusintha kwatsopano kwa greenhouse [J]. Vegetables, 2022,(10):1-8.