Linaming, Sun Guotao, etc.Ulimi Wowonjezera Waulimi Waulimi2022-21-212: 12 Yofalitsidwa ku Beijing

M'zaka zaposachedwa, makampani ogulitsa obiriwira akhazikika mwamphamvu. Kukula kwa Wowonjezera kutentha sikungothandizapo kuti azigwiritsa ntchito dongosolo komanso kuchuluka kwa malonda, komanso amathetsa vuto la zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba m'nthawi yochepa. Komabe, kutentha kwanyengo kwakumananso ndi zovuta zomwe sizinachitikepo. Maofesi oyambirirawo, njira yotentha ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yapanga kugonjera chilengedwe ndi chitukuko. Zipangizo zatsopano ndi mapangidwe atsopano amafunikira kusintha malo owonjezera kutentha, ndipo zatsopano zamagetsi zimafunikira mwachangu kuti akwaniritse zolinga zoteteza mphamvu potetezedwa ndi chilengedwe, ndikuwonjezera kupanga ndi ndalama.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mutu wa "mphamvu zatsopano, zida zatsopano, kapangidwe katsopano zothandizira kusintha kwamphamvu kwa dzuwa, mphamvu zamagetsi, kafukufuku wina watsopano, kafukufuku Za zinthu zatsopano zophimba, kutchinjiriza, makoma ndi zida zina, komanso malingaliro atsopano, zopangira zatsopano ndi kapangidwe katsopano zothandizira kusintha kwa malonda, kuti afotokozere za malonda.

Kukula kwa malo omwe akupezekapo ndi cholinga cha ndale ndi kusankha kosaletsa kukhazikitsa mzimu wofunikira ndi chisankho chachikulu cha boma. Mu 2020, malo onse alimi otetezedwa ku China adzakhala 2.8 miliyoni HM2, ndipo phindu lotulutsa lidzapitilira 1 trillion Yuan. Ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yothandizira wowonjezera kutentha kuti musinthe magetsi owotcha ndi mafuta owombera pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zatsopano, zida zatsopano ndi kapangidwe katsopano. Pali zovuta zambiri pakupanga kwachikhalidwe, monga malasha, mafuta amafuta ndi mafuta ena otenthetsera, omwe amaipitsa kwambiri mpweya, mphamvu yamagetsi ndipo Mankhwala ena amagetsi amawonjezera mtengo wogwiririra wogulitsa malo obiriwira. Zida zachikhalidwe zosungirako zamipando zobiriwira zimakhala zama dongo ndi njerwa, zomwe zimadya kwambiri ndikuyambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa malo. Nthaka imagwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri kutentha kwa dzuwa ndi khoma la padziko lapansi. Chifukwa chake, pakati popititsa patsogolo kusintha kwa wowonjezera kutentha, kapena kafukufuku woyambira ali mu zobiriwira zobiriwira, kufufuza ndi chitukuko chatsopano ndi mphamvu zatsopano. Nkhaniyi ikunena za kafukufukuyu ndi zatsopano za mphamvu zatsopano mu wowonjezera kutentha, mphamvu zamphamvu za ency, zida zamagetsi zokutira, zida zopindika kwambiri Wowonjezera kutentha, kusanthula kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zatsopano ndi zinthu zatsopano pomanga malo obiriwira atsopano, ndipo yang'anani gawo lawo mu chitukuko cha mtsogolo ndi kusintha kwa wowonjezera kutentha.

Kafukufuku ndi Zatsopano Zatsopano Gran Energome

Mphamvu zatsopano zobiriwira zomwe zingatheke kugwiritsa ntchito dzuwa, zimaphatikizapo mphamvu ya dzuwa, mphamvu zokwanira, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zokwanira mphamvu zosiyanasiyana, kuti mugwiritse ntchito mphamvu kuchokera kwa anthu onse.

Sunlar Mphamvu / Mphamvu

Tekinoloje ya dzuwa ndi yotsika-kaboni, yothandiza komanso yokhazikika yoperekera magetsi, ndipo ndi gawo lofunikira la mafakitale a China. Idzakhala chisankho chosalephekitsa kusinthira ndikukweza mphamvu za china mtsogolo. Kuchokera pakuwona mphamvu zamagetsi, wowonjezera kutentha ndi kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala othandizira dzuwa. Kudzera mu zowonjezera kutentha, mphamvu ya dzuwa imasonkhanitsidwa m'nyumba, kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha kumaleredwa, ndipo kutentha kofunikira kwa mbewu kumaperekedwa. Great Exy Gfasynthesis wobiriwira mbewu ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, komwe ndiko kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji kwa mphamvu ya dzuwa.

01 Phopvultaic Power kuti mupange kutentha

Mtsogoleri wa Photovovoltaic ndi ukadaulo womwe umasandutsa mphamvu zopepuka kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi potengera chithunzi. Chofunikira cha ukadaulo uwu ndi khungu la dzuwa. Mphamvu ya dzuwa ikamawalira pagawo la dzuwa mu mndandanda kapena ofanana, zigawo za semiconductortoctor mwachindunji zimasandulani mphamvu zonunkhira zamagetsi pamagetsi. Technology yamagetsi imatha kutembenuka mwachindunji mphamvu yamagetsi kuti ikhale yamagetsi, sitolo yamagetsi kudzera mabatire, komanso kutentha nyumba yobiriwira usiku, koma mtengo wake wokwera amaletsa kukula kwake. Gulu lofufuzira linapanga chithunzi chotenthetsera cha zithunzi, chomwe chimakhala ndi zithunzi zosinthika, makina oyendetsa bwino kwambiri, batiri losungirako komanso ndodo yotentha. Malinga ndi kutalika kwa mzere wobzala, graphene yotentha ndodo imayikidwa pansi pa thumba lapamu. Masana, zithunzi za Photovoltaic zimatenga ma radiation a dzuwa kuti mupange magetsi ndikusunga batiri losungirako, kenako magetsi amatulutsidwa usiku wotentha. Mu muyeso weniweni, kutentha kuwongolera njira yoyambira 17 ℃ ndikutseka pa 19 ℃ kumakhazikitsidwa. Kuthamanga usiku (20: 00-08: 00 pa tsiku lachiwiri) kwa maola 8, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yotentha mzere umodzi wa mbewu ndi 1.24 KW · SC · SC · zomwe zili 3.5 ~ 5.3 ℃ pamwamba kuposa kuwongolera. Njira yotenthetsera iyi yophika idaphatikizidwa ndi mphamvu yofananira yothetsa mavuto a mphamvu zambiri komanso kuwonongeka kwakukulu mu wowonjezera kutentha nthawi yozizira.

Kutembenuka kwa Photormial ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito

Kutembenuka kwa dzuwa kumatanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito malo apadera a dzuwa omwe amapangidwa ndi zinthu za proprothermal zotenthetsa ndikutenga mphamvu kwambiri. Poyerekeza ndi mapulogalamu a soportoltac, ma solarothermal amawonjezera kuyamwa kwa gulu lapakatikati, kotero ili ndi mphamvu zapamwamba kwambiri, mtengo wotsika ndi ukadaulo wokhwima kwambiri, ndipo ndi njira yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa.

Ukadaulo wokhwima kwambiri wa proprothermal kutembenuka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ku China ndiotola dzuwa, gawo lomwe lingasankhe kutentha ndi kuyankha kwa magetsi poyenda mu madzi ofunda ndikuphwanya Kufikira kutentha kwamoto. Osonkhetsa solar amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri malinga ndi ngati pali malo osungirako kapena ayi: Onyamula dzuwa ndi onyamula zitsulo za vacuum; Zotsetsereka zotsekemera za dzuwa komanso onyamula madzola owoneka molingana malinga ndi ngati radiation ya dzuwa yowala masana imasintha njira; Ndipo otola ndi mafuta a dzuwa ndi onyamula ndege a ndege malinga ndi mtundu wa kusamutsa kutentha.

Mankhwala othandizira dzuwa mu wowonjezera kutentha limachitika makamaka kudzera m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya onyamula dzuwa. Ibn Zor University ku Morocco yapanga dongosolo lotentha la dzuwa lamphamvu (ASFS) kuti muwombetse bwino, zomwe zingakulitse kupanga phwetekere kwathunthu ndi 55% nthawi yozizira. Yunivesite yaulimi yaulimi idapanga ndikupanga mawonekedwe ophatikizika-osonkhanitsa ndi kusonkhanitsa dongosolo la 390.6 ~ 693.0.0.6 Yunivesite ya Bari ku Italy yapanga njira yotentha yobiriwira polygeneration, yomwe imakhala ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ya dzuwa komanso pampu yamadzi yotentha, ndipo imatha kuwonjezera kutentha kwa mpweya ndi 92%. Gulu lofufuzira lakhala ndi zida zamphamvu zopangira kutentha kwa dzuwa ndi makona osinthika a dzuwa, komanso chida chosungira chosungira kutentha kwa madzi owonjezera kutentha. Tekinola yamphamvu yopanga kutentha yopanda tanthauzo yosiyanasiyana imapumira malire a miyambo yachikhalidwe chosungira, monga kuwononga kutentha kwa mtengo, shading ndi ntchito yolimidwa. Pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe apadera owonjezera kutentha kwa dzuwa, malo osabzala obiriwira amagwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira, omwe amathandizira kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito malo obiriwira. Pansi pa ntchito yadzuwa ya dzuwa, dongosolo lokhazikika la kutentha kwa kutentha limafika 1.9 mj / (m2h), kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zokwanira 85.1% ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ndi 77%. Mu ukadaulo wobiriwira wowonjezera kutentha, kuchuluka kwa njira yosungirako kutentha kumayikidwa, kuwongolera kutentha kwa chipangizo chosungira kutentha kumachulukirachulukira, ndipo kumasulidwa pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku chipangizocho kumakwaniritsidwa, kuti adziwe bwino Kutentha komwe kwasonkhanitsidwa ndi wowonjezera kutentha dzuwa.

Mphamvu zamafamu

Kapangidwe katsopano kamene kamapangidwa pophatikiza chipangizo chowonjezera cha biomis ndi chowonjezera kutentha, ndipo zotsalira za bib [Chithunzi patsamba 5]. Poyerekeza ndi wowonjezera kutentha popanda kugwiritsa ntchito thanki yotentha, yotentha yotentha imatha kuwonjezera kutentha kwa nthaka ndikusunga kutentha kwa mbewu munthaka nthawi yozizira. Kutenga umodzi-wosanjikiza asymmetric scuuthouse wowonjezera kutentha wokhala ndi zaka za m'ma 17m komanso kutalika kwake, ndikuwonjezera zinyalala 8m ndi manyowa a nkhumba Onjezani kutentha kwanthawi zonse kwa kutentha kwa kutentha ndi 4.2 ℃ nthawi yozizira, ndipo kutentha kochepa tsiku ndi tsiku kumatha kufikira 4.6 ℃.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu ya Biomass Kugwedeza ndi njira yothetsera mphamvu yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zida ndi zida zowongolera njira yotenthetsera ndi mpweya wabwino komanso chinyezi ndi kupanga mafuta kwa biomass. Pansi pa malo opumira, aerobic tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timagwiritsira ntchito mpweya wabwino, ndipo gawo la mphamvu zopangidwa limagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita zinthu ngati kutentha, zomwe ndizothandiza kutentha kudzuka kwa chilengedwe. Madzi amatenga nawo mbali mu mphamvu zonse, ndikupereka michere yosungunuka yosungiramo michere, ndipo nthawi yomweyo kumasula kutentha kwa muluwu m'madzi, kuti muchepetse kutentha kwa muluwo, kutalikitsa moyo wa ma microorganisms ndikuwonjezera kutentha kwambiri kwa mulu. Kukhazikitsa chipangizo chomata udzu mu thanki yofinya kungakulitse kutentha kwapakati ndi 3 ~ 5 ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ photosyntheturthes ndikuwonjezera zokolola za phwetekere ndi 29.6%.

Mphamvu za geothermal

China imakhala yolemera kwambiri. Pakadali pano, njira yodziwika kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito ma geovermal mphamvu ndikugwiritsa ntchito pompopompo madzi otentha, omwe amatha kusamukira kutentha kochepa kwambiri pakuphika mphamvu yayitali mphamvu yamagetsi). Chosiyana ndi malo ogulitsira achikhalidwe chotentha, kupukutira kwa nthaka yotentha sikungowonjezera kutentha kwambiri komanso kuchepetsa chinyezi mu wowonjezera kutentha. Kafukufuku wogwiritsa ntchito pampu yotentha yoyambira pansi pomanga nyumba ndikhwima. Gawo lotentha lomwe limakhudza kutentha ndi kuziziritsa mphamvu yozizira kwambiri yopanga kutentha kwake Khalani kafukufukuyu. Nthawi yomweyo, kusintha kwa kutentha kwa dothi mobisa mu kugwiritsa ntchito mphungu yapansi kumakhudzanso kugwiritsa ntchito kampu yamapunga. Kugwiritsa ntchito gwero lamagetsi kutentha kwanyengo yobiriwira m'chilimwe ndikusunga mphamvu kutentha mu dothi lakuthwa kumathetsa kutsika kwa dothi pansi komanso kukonza njira yopangira nthaka yotentha nthawi yozizira.

Pakadali pano, pakufufuza kwa magwiridwe antchito ndi ntchito yowonjezera pampu ya pansi, kudzera pa zoyeserera zenizeni, mtundu wa manambala umakhazikitsidwa ndi mapulogalamu othamanga2 ndi magwiridwe ake ) Pampu yotentha ya kutentha imatha kufikira 3.0 ~ 4 ~ 4.5, yomwe imakhala ndi kuzizira kwabwino komanso kutentha. Mu kafukufuku wa njira ya pompormpu ya pamphumpu yamoto, Fuunzhun ndi ena omwe adapezeka kuti akuyenda bwino . Pansi pa mawonekedwe oyenda, mtengo wokwera kwambiri wa chipangizocho chitha kufikira 4.17 potengera ntchito yogwira ntchito kwa maola awiri ndikuima kwa maola awiri; Shi Hixian et. adayamba kugwira ntchito yosungirako madzi ozizira. M'chilimwe, kutentha kumakhala kwakukulu, kalamba ka mankhwala onse amafikira 3.80.

Ukadaulo wosungirako nthaka yotentha mu wowonjezera kutentha

Kutentha kwambiri kutentha mu wowonjezera kutentha kumatchedwanso "banki yosungirako kutentha" mu wowonjezera kutentha. Kuwonongeka Kwazizira M'nyengo yozizira komanso kutentha kwambiri m'chilimwe ndikonso zopinga zazikulu kuti zipangidwe. Kutengera kuchuluka kwamphamvu yosungirako kwambiri kwa nthaka yakuya, gulu lofufuzira linapangitsa wowonjezera kutentha pansi pa chipangizo chosungira mobisa. Chipangizocho ndi chophatikizika chophatikizira kawiri ndikuyika mafayilo akuya 1.5 ~ ~ 2 ~ 2.5m mobisalira mu wowonjezera kutentha, wokhala ndi malo osungira mpweya pamwamba pa wowonjezera kutentha ndi mpweya pansi. Kutentha mu wowonjezera kutentha kumakhala kwakukulu, mpweya wa m'nyumba umapukutidwa pansi ndi fan kuti athetse kutentha komanso kuchepetsa kutentha. Kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha kumakhala kochepa, kutentha kumachotsedwa m'nthaka kuti musangalatse kutentha. Zotsatira ndi ntchito zogwiritsira ntchito zikuwonetsa kuti chipangizocho chingathe kuwonjezera kutentha kwanyengo ndi 2.3 ℃ nthawi yozizira, ndikuchepetsa chopumira cham'madzi ndi 1500kg mu 667 m². Chipangizocho chimagwiritsa ntchito bwino mapangidwe a "Kutentha nthawi yozizira ndi kuzizira nthawi yachilimwe" ndi "kutentha kosalekeza" kwa madzi obiriwira, ndikuwathamangitsa .

Mgwirizano wambiri

Pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu iwiri kapena yochulukirapo ya kutentha mtengo wowonjezera kutentha kumatha kupanga zowawa za mphamvu za mphamvu imodzi, ndipo perekani ku zotsatirapo zopambana za "imodzi kuphatikiza imodzi kuposa iwiri". Mgwirizano wapakati pa mphamvu zamagetsi ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi hotspot yofufuzira yatsopano yothandizira ulimi wa ulimi m'zaka zaposachedwa. Emmi et. adaphunzira mphamvu zamagetsi zingapo (Chithunzi 1), zomwe zili ndi chithunzi chofunda chosakanizidwa. Poyerekeza ndi kampu wamba yamadzi ya mpweya, mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi imayendetsedwa ndi 16% ~ 25%. Zheng et. anakulitsa mtundu watsopano wa njira yosungirako kutentha kwa dzuwa ndi gwero lamagetsi kutentha. Dongosolo la dzuwa limatha kuzindikira kuyamwa kwakukulu kwa nyengo yotentha, ndiye kuti, kutentha kwambiri nyengo yozizira komanso yozizira kwambiri nthawi yachilimwe. Tsitsi loyatsidwa kutentha ndi thanki yosungirako kutentha imatha kuthamanga m'dongosolo, ndipo mtengo wa pulogalamuyo umatha kufikira 6.96.

Kuphatikizidwa ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa, kumafuna kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zamalonda ndikuwonjezera kukhazikika kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yowonjezera kutentha. Wan Ya et. ikani njira yatsopano yaukadaulo yophatikizira yophatikiza ndi mphamvu yophatikiza ndi malonda kuti muthe kutentha, zomwe zingagwiritse ntchito mphamvu yogulitsa pomwe mulibe kuwala Mlingo, ndikuchepetsa mtengo wachuma popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mabatire.

Sunlar Mphamvu, Mphamvu Zamagetsi ndi Mphamvu zamagetsi zimatha kutentha zobiriwira zotentha, zomwe zimatha kupindula kwambiri. Zhang Liangrui ndi ena kuphatikiza magetsi otenthetsera a suluum vacuum ndi magetsi magetsi osungirako madzi. Kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha kumakhala ndi chitonthozo chabwino, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa dongosololi ndi 68.70%. Tanki yamadzi yosungirako madzi osungirako kutentha ndi chipangizo chosungirako madzi chosungiramo madzi okhala ndi magetsi. Kutentha kochepa kwambiri kwa itlet kumatha kumakhazikitsidwa, ndipo njira yogwirira ntchitoyo imatsimikizika malinga ndi kutentha kwa madzi ndi gawo lokhazikika, kuti mukwaniritse kutentha kokhazikika pa Kutentha kumatha ndikusunga mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi zida zamagetsi zochulukirapo mpaka.

Kafukufuku watsopano ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida zatsopano zobiriwira

Ndi kukulitsa kwa malo owonjezera kutentha, zovuta za ntchito za zobiriwira zachilengedwe monga njerwa ndi dothi zimawululidwa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, pofuna kupititsa patsogolo kuyendetsa mafuta owonjezera kutentha ndi kukwaniritsa zosowa za chitukuko chamakono, pali zofufuza zambiri zamakono zokutira zatsopano zokutira, zida zotupa zokutira ndi zida za matenthedwe.

Kafukufuku ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida zatsopano zowoneka bwino

Mitundu ya zokutira zobiriwira zobiriwira makamaka filimu yapa pulasitiki, galasi, tsamba la solar ndi PhopVoltaic, lomwe filimu ya pulasitiki ili ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri. Wogulitsa malonda a pe filimu amakhala ndi vuto la moyo waufupi, osagwedezeka komanso ntchito imodzi. Pakadali pano, mafilimu osiyanasiyana a ntchito zatsopano adapangidwa ndikuwonjezera ma reagents ogwiritsira ntchito kapena zokutira.

Filimu yopepuka:Filimu yotembenuka imasintha mawonekedwe a filimuyo pogwiritsa ntchito matele otembenuka otembenukira monga zida zapadziko lapansi komanso zowala za buluu zomwe zimafunikira ndikubzala mbewu ndikuchepetsa Kuwonongeka kwa kuwala kwa ultraviolet ku mbewu ndi mafilimu obiriwira mu malo obiriwira a pulasitiki. Mwachitsanzo, filimu yofiirira yayikulu-to-red-red ndi vtr-660 kutembenuza kwakukulu kumatha kusintha momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito yowonjezera kutentha, ndikufanizira ndi zokolola za phwetekere, vitamini C ndi Lycopene C ndi Lyopenne zimachulukitsidwa kwambiri ndi 25.71%, 11.11% ndi 33.04% motsatana. Komabe, pakali pano, moyo wa ntchito, kuwononga ndi mtengo wa kanema watsopanoyo kumafunikirabe kuphunzira.

Galasi lobalalika: Galasi yobalalika mu greenhouse ndi njira yapadera komanso yaukadaulo yotsutsa pamtunda, yomwe imatha kukulitsa kuwala kwa dzuwa kuwunikaku ndikuwongolera zowonjezera kutentha kwa mbewu ndikuwonjezera zokolola. Galasi yobalalika imatembenuza kuwala kulowa mu kuwala kokwapula kudzera mu kuwala kwapadera, ndipo kuwala komwazidwa kumatha kukhala kokhazikika mu wowonjezera kutentha, kuchotsa chipongwe cha mthunzi ndi mafupa obiriwira pa wowonjezera kutentha. Poyerekeza ndi galasi wamba galasi ndi galasi loyera, muyezo wowunikira wagalasi yowuzira ndi 91.5%, ndipo yagalasi wamba yamagulu omwe ali 88%. Kwa kuwonjezeka kulikonse kwa 1% pakuwunikira kobiriwira, zokolola zitha kuwonjezeka ndi 3%, ndipo shuga shuga ndi vitamini C m'masamba ndi ndiwo zamasamba zachuluka. Kubalalitsa magalasi mu wowonjezera kutentha kumayikidwa kaye kenako kukwiya, ndipo kudzipukusa kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa muyezo wadziko lonse, kufikira 2 ‰.

Kafukufuku ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zatsopano zamafuta

Zida zamagetsi zokutira mu wowonjezera kutentha makamaka zimaphatikizapo mphangwe . Ambiri aiwo ali ndi chilema chotaya magwiridwe antchito chifukwa cha chinyontho chamkati atagwiritsa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa chake, pali ntchito zambiri zamagetsi zatsopano zamagetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta azifutedwe, omwe amakulimbikitsani kutentha kwatsopano, Kusungira ndi zida zosungira ndi kafukufuku wowiritsa ndiye kafukufuku.

Zida zatsopano zamagetsi zimapangidwa ndi zinthu zosagwira ntchito ndi zokuza zokhala ndi ukalamba monga mafilimu ophatikizika monga mafuta othira mafuta monga thonje lotupa, thonje la ngale. Wosaka ulusi wopota wothira mafuta osungunuka adayesedwa kumpoto chakum'mawa ku China. Zinapezeka kuti kuwonjezera thonje lokutidwa 500g kunali kofanana ndi magwiridwe antchito osokoneza bongo a 4500g wakuda adamva kutentha kwamphamvu. Pansi pa mikhalidwe yomweyo, magwiridwe antchito a matenthedwe a 700G ophatikizidwa ndi 1 ~ 2 ℃℃ ℃ adayerekeza ndi uja wa thonje la thonje la 500g. Nthawi yomweyo, maphunziro enanso adapezanso kuti poyerekeza ndi matenthedwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamsika, zotchinga zamafuta ophatikizika ndi matebulo ophatikizika ndi bwino, ndi matenthedwe otuwa a 84.3 % motero. Kutentha kozizira kwambiri ndikutentha ndi -24.4 ℃, kutentha kwa mkati kumatha kufikira 5.4 ndi 4.2 ℃ motero. Poyerekeza ndi bulangeti limodzi laukadaulo limasaka, kusokonezeka kwatsopano kwabwino kuli ndi maubwino olemera, kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwambiri, kukana kwamphamvu kwamadzi, ndipo kungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mtundu watsopano wa zinthu zowonjezera zowonjezera za dzuwa.

Nthawi yomweyo, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa zinthu zopindika za mafuta owonjezera kutentha kutentha ndi zida zosungirako, zimakonda kukula kwamitundu yambiri, zochulukitsa zamagetsi zimakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito kuposa zida zilizonse. Pulofesa wa Li Jaian ku Northwst A & F University Wopangidwa ndi Mafuta 22 a Zida Zamagetsi Zamagetsi, monga thonje la vacuum, ndikuyeza katundu wawo. Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti 80m thertured zokopa + zamiyala ya hubgle + ya hubgration · K) pomwe makulidwe amitundu yosintha anali 100mm.

Zinthu zosintha gawo ndi imodzi mwazipinda zotentha mu zowonjezera zobiriwira. Kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa a & F University wapanga mitundu iwiri yosungirako zinthu zosungirako zinthu: kuti itha kusunga kutentha ndi kumasula kutentha; Kachiwiri, mtundu watsopano wa khoma la Gawoli umapangidwa. Chosintha cha khoma chimakhala ndi zosintha za Gawo, aluminiyamu mbale, mbale yapulasitiki ndi aluminium aluya. Zinthu zosintha gawoli zili pamalo apamwamba kwambiri a Wallboard, ndipo tanthauzo lake ndi 200mmm × 200mmm × 50mmm. Ndilo lolimba musanasinthe ndipo pambuyo pa gawo litatha gawo, ndipo palibe chodabwitsa cha kusungunuka kapena kuyenda. Makoma anayi a kusintha kwa gawo ndi aluminium mbale ndi aluminium-apulasitiki, motsatana. Chipangizochi chimatha kuzindikira ntchito za nthawi yayitali masana ndikutulutsa kutentha usiku.

Chifukwa chake, pali zovuta zina pakugwiritsa ntchito matenthedwe osafunikira, monga kutentha kwamitundu yokhazikika, kutayika kwakukulu kwa kutentha, nthawi yochepa kwambiri, pogwiritsa ntchito matenthedwe osokoneza bongo Chophimba chosanjikiza chida chosungira chimatha kusintha magwiridwe antchito owonjezera kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha, kuchepetsa kutayika kwa kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha, ndipo motero amakwaniritsa mphamvu zopulumutsa.

Kafukufuku ndi kugwiritsa ntchito khoma latsopano

Monga mtundu wa khola, khoma ndiye chopinga chofunikira chotetezedwa ndi kutentha kwa obiriwira komanso kuteteza kutentha. Malinga ndi zida za makhoma ndi zomangira, kukula kwa khoma la kumpoto kwa wowonjezera kutentha kumatha kugawidwa m'mitundu itatu: Khoma, khomalo, etc., tsekani njerwa, tsekani njerwa, Mabodi a Polysstyrene, ndi zina zowonjezera zamkati komanso kutentha kunja, ndipo makhoma ambiri amawononga nthawi komanso ntchito yambiri; Chifukwa chake, m'zaka zaposachedwa, mitundu yambiri yamitundu yambiri yawonekera, yomwe ndi yosavuta kumanga ndi yoyenera msonkhano wachangu.

Kutuluka kwa makhoma atsopano kumalimbikitsa kukula kwa chitukuko chophatikizika, kuphatikizapo makhoma atsopano ndi zida zakunja ndi zida zokhala ndi nyumba, thonje lagalasi kapena thonje lokonzanso ngati kutentha Zigawo zokutira, monga kusinthasintha kwa kusintha kwa makhoma a thonje logwirizira ku Xinjiang. Kuphatikiza apo, maphunziro ena anenanso za khoma lakumpoto kuti asonkhanitse wowonjezera kutentha wokhala ndi kutentha kwa kutentha, monga wodzaza ndi maluwa a tirigu a tirigu Shell block ku Xinjiang. Pansi pa zachilengedwe zakunja, kutentha kotsika kwambiri kunja kwa -20.8 ℃, kutentha kwa mavule obiriwira ndi 7.5 ℃, pomwe kutentha mu wowonjezera kutentha kwa dzuwa ndi khoma la njerwa ndi 3.2 ℃. Nthawi yokolola ya phwetekere wowonjezera mtengo njerwa imatha kukhala yotalikirana ndi masiku 16, ndipo zokolola za wowonjezera kutentha kamodzi zimatha kuwonjezeka ndi 18,4%.

Gulu la malo aku Northwest A & F yunivesite yopanga mapangidwe, nthaka, madzi, miyala yosungirako kutentha khoma. Mwachitsanzo, poyerekeza ndi njerwa yobiriwira ya njerwa, kutentha kwapakati mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi 4.0 ℃ ℃ kukhala okwera tsiku lokhala ndi dzuwa. Mitundu itatu ya mankhwala osokoneza bongo, yomwe imapangidwa ndi gawo la gawo (PCM) ndi simenti, apeza kutentha kwa 74.5, 88.0 ndi 95.1 mj / m³, ndikumasulira kutentha kwa 59.8, 67.8 ndi 84.2 mj / m³, motsatana. Amakhala ndi ntchito za "nsonga zodzaza" usiku, "chigwa chadzadzaza" usiku, chodzaza kutentha nthawi yotentha ndikumasula kutentha nthawi yachisanu.

Makoma atsopanowa amasonkhana pa tsamba, ndi moyo wokwera komanso moyo wautali, womwe umapangitsa malo opanga kuwala, osavuta komanso osonkhana mofulumira komanso mwachangu. Komabe, pali zipewa zina zamtunduwu, monga khoma lolumikizira la thonje la thonje limangokhala ndi magwiridwe abwino kwambiri amagwiritsa ntchito magwiridwe antchito, koma asowa malo osungirako kutentha, ndipo gawo la gawo la gawo la gawo lili ndi vuto logwiritsa ntchito kwambiri. M'tsogolomu, kafukufuku wogwiritsa ntchito wa khoma lomwe anasonkhana ayenera kulimbikitsidwa.

Mphamvu zatsopano, zida zatsopano ndi mapangidwe atsopano amathandizira kusintha kwa malo owonjezera kutentha.

Kafukufukuyu ndi zatsopano za mphamvu zatsopano komanso zida zatsopano zimapereka maziko a mawonekedwe ogulitsa obiriwira. Mphamvu Yogulitsa Magetsi-Magetsi ndi Get SheD ndi malo omwe anali okwera kwambiri ku China, ndipo amachita mbali yofunika kwambiri. Komabe, popanga chuma cha China, zolakwa za mitundu iwiri ya malo zimafotokozedwanso. Choyamba, malo opangira malo ndi ochepa komanso kuchuluka kwa makina ndi otsika; Chachiwiri, malo osungirako mphamvu zamagetsi ali ndi zotchinga zabwino, koma kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka kuli kotsika, komwe ndikofanana ndikusinthanso mphamvu yobiriwira ndi malo. Chikwangwani wamba sichimangokhala ndi malo ochepa, komanso amakhala ndi zotchingira zamafuta. Ngakhale malo obiriwira ambiri amapezeka amakhala ndi malo akuluakulu, amakhala ndi zotchinga zamagetsi komanso mphamvu zambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti mufufuze ndi kukulitsa dongosolo lotsatsa malonda ku China ndi zachuma komanso zachuma, ndipo kafukufukuyu ndi kapangidwe ka zinthu zatsopano ndi zinthu zatsopanozi zithandiza mitundu yobiriwira kapena mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Kufufuza kwatsopano pa wowonjezera kutentha kwamadzi asymmetric

Nambala yobiriwira yowombera ma syymmetric-yoyendetsedwa ndi matent (Zl 20122039191214.2) Kutengera mawonekedwe a pulasitiki Kumpoto kwa North ndikuchepetsa malo osinthanitsa, okhala ndi 18 ~ 24m ndi wokwera kutalika kwa 6 ~ 7m. Mwa kupanga kupanga chatsopano, malo akewo achulukitsidwa kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, mavuto osakwanira kutentha mu wowonjezera kutentha komanso osauka kwambiri okonda kutengera ukadaulo wamba wamagetsi amathetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo watsopano wa biomis. Kupanga ndi zotsatira zofufuzira zikuwonetsa kuti wowonjezera kutentha madzi, kutentha kwa mphindi 11.7 ℃ pa nthawi ya dzuwa ndi 10.8 ℃ pamasiku 10.8 Wowonjezera kutentha amachepetsedwa ndi 39.6% ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi 30% poyerekeza ndi a Polystyrene Wall Green, yomwe ndi yoyenera kupitirira Kutchuka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mu beaifa mitsinje ya China.

Anasonkhanitsa dzuwa

Anasonkhanitsa wowotcha dzuwa amatenga mizati ndi mafupa a padenga ngati kapangidwe kathunthu, ndipo zida zake zimakonda kukhazikika, m'malo mongosungirako komanso kumasulidwa. Makamaka: -polstyrene board-simenti; . Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zatsopano zatsopano ndi zida zosungirako kutentha m'malo mwa khoma ladziko lapansi kuti zizimanga dzuwa ndi malo akulu ndi upangiri wawukulu. Zotsatira zoyesera zikuwonetsa kuti kutentha kwa nyumba yobiriwira nthawi yachisanu ndi 4.5 ℃ kukhala yapamwamba kuposa yowonjezera kutentha kwa njerwa, ndipo makulidwe a khoma kumbuyo ndi 166mm. Poyerekeza ndi 600mm Greenhouse yobiriwira, malo okhala khomalo amachepetsedwa ndi 72%, ndipo mtengo wake wa mita 334.2 Yuan, yemwe ali ndi 157.2 Yuan wotsika kwambiri kuposa wa njerwa, ndipo mtengo womanga wagwa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, omwe adasonkhana ali ndi maubwino ocheperako omwe sadzawonongedwa ndi malo, kupulumutsa malo, kuthamanga kwa malo omangira, ndipo ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yopanga zowonjezera za dzuwa pano komanso mtsogolo.

Wowonda dzuwa

Makina ogulitsa dzuwa-ophatikizidwa ndi maulamuliro ogulitsa mphamvu ndi Shenyang Aubillural³), kuwala kopitilira (360m²), pampu yamadzi, chitoliro chamadzi ndi wolamulira. Mafuta osinthika osinthika amasinthidwa ndi mtundu wa ubweya watsopano wa ubweya wachitsulo pamwamba. Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti kapangidwe kameneka kumathetsa vuto la gables kutsetsereka kuwala, ndikuwonjezera gawo lolowera logozerera. Kuwala kotentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha ndi 41,5 °, komwe kuli pafupifupi 16 ° wokwera kuposa momwe amaonera kutentha, motero kumawongolera mtengo wopepuka. Kugawana kutentha kwa mkati ndi yunifolomu, ndipo mbewu zimamera bwino. Wowonjezera kutentha ali ndi maubwino owongolera kugwiritsa ntchito malo, kukula kwa wowonjezera kutentha ndi kufupikitsa kwa nthawi yomanga, yomwe ndiyofunika kwambiri kuteteza malo okhala ndi malo okhala malo ndi malo.

Photovovoltaic wowonjezera kutentha

Kuoneraulimi ndi wowonjezera kutentha komwe kumakuphatikiza dzuwa la sopoflaltaltaltaltaltaltal, molunjika kutentha komanso kubzala kwamakono. Imatengera mafupa achitsulo ndipo imakutidwa ndi ma module a sopovoltaic kuti zitsimikizike zowunikira za PhopVoltal mphamvu zokhala ndi ma module owonera komanso zowonjezera zonse. Kupangidwa kwaposachedwa kwa dzuwa kumawonjezera mwachindunji kuwala kwa malo obiriwira, kumathandizira kuthirira kwa zida zobiriwira, kumakulitsa kutentha kwa zinthu zamadzi, kumawonjezera kutentha kwa mafuta ndikulimbikitsa kukula kwa mbewu. Ma module a Photovovoltaic mwanjira imeneyi zikhudza kuyatsa mphamvu kwa wobiriwira wobiriwira, kenako zimakhudza kukula kwa masamba obiriwira. Chifukwa chake, malo owoneka bwino a Photovoltac Panels padenga la wowonjezera kutentha amakhala mfundo yofunikira. Wowonjezera kutentha malonda ndi mankhwala ophatikizira kuphatikiza kwaulimi ndi malo ogwirira ntchito, kenako zojambula zaulimi, zokuza zaulimi, umisiri wa ulimilura, mawonekedwe a ulimi wa zaulimi.

Kupanga kwatsopano kwa gulu logozerera ndi kulumikizana kwa mphamvu pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya greenhouses

Guo Wenzhong, wofufuza ku Beijing Academy of Ulimi Njira yotenthetsera iyi imazindikira kusunthidwa kwa mphamvu yowonjezera mu nthawi ndi malo, kumathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yothandiza kwa mafuta ogulitsa kutentha, ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse zotentha. Mitundu iwiri ya greenhouse imatha kukhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana yobiriwira kapena mtundu womwewo wowonjezeranso wobzala mbewu zosiyanasiyana, monga letesi ndi phwetekere malo ogulitsira a phwetekere. Njira zosungira kutentha makamaka zimaphatikizaponso kutentha kwa mpweya wapansi ndikupereka mwachindunji ma radiation. Kudzera mwa kusonkhanitsa kwamphamvu kwa dzuwa, kukakamizidwa pakuyatsa kutentha ndikukakamizidwa kuchotsa ndi pampu yamoto, kutentha kwapamwamba mu greenhouse wobiriwira unachotsedwa pakuwotcha wowonjezera kutentha.

duliza

Nyumba zatsopanozi zatsopanozi zimakhala ndi maubwino a msonkhano wachangu, nthawi yomanga yomanga ndi kuchuluka kwa malo ogwiritsira ntchito malo. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti mufufuze magwiridwe antchito atsopanowa m'malo osiyanasiyana, ndipo perekani mwayi wotchuka kwambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito malo obiriwira atsopano. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zatsopano ndi zinthu zatsopano m'malo obisalamo zinthu zobiriwira.

Kuwona Mtsogolo ndi Kuganiza

Mikwingwirima yachikhalidwe nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zovuta zambiri, monga mphamvu zambiri, zongogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali, zowononga nthawi komanso kuwononga, zomwe sizingathekenso pang'onopang'ono kuchotsedwa. Chifukwa chake, ndikukula kwatsopano kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zatsopano monga mphamvu ya dzuwa, mphamvu zamagetsi, mphamvu zamkuntho ndi zida zatsopano, zida zatsopano zowonjezera zowonjezera kutentha. Choyamba, wowonjezera kutentha watsopano ndi mphamvu zatsopano ndi zinthu zatsopano sayenera kukwaniritsa zosowa zamakina, komanso sungani mphamvu, nthaka ndi mtengo. Kachiwiri, ndikofunikira kufufuza magwiridwe antchito obiriwira atsopano m'malo osiyanasiyana, kotero ngati mikhalidwe yam'mwamba kuti ikhale yotchuka kwambiri kwa greenhouse. M'tsogolomu, tiyeneranso kufunafuna mphamvu zatsopano ndi zida zatsopano zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zatsopano, zida zatsopano ndi wowonjezera kutentha, kuti apange ndalama zowonjezera kutentha, zomanga zazifupi Nthawi, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino, kuthandiza wowonjezera kutentha kusintha ndikulimbikitsa kukulitsa kwa greenhouse ku China.

Ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zatsopano, zida zatsopano ndi mapangidwe atsopano mu malonda obiriwira ndi zochitika zambiri, pali zovuta zambiri zophunzirira ndikugonjetsa: (1) mtengo womanga umakwera. Poyerekeza ndi mwambo wachikhalidwe ndi malasha kapena mafuta, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zatsopano ndi zinthu zatsopano zachilengedwe ndi zoopsa zimachulukitsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti apange ndalama ndikuchita opaleshoni . Poyerekeza ndi magetsi othandizira, mtengo wa zinthu zatsopano udzachulukitsidwa kwambiri. (2) Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kutentha kwamphamvu. Ubwino waukulu kwambiri wa mankhwala atsopano ndi ogwiritsa ntchito mtengo wotsika ndi mpweya wotsika, koma kupezeka kwamphamvu ndi kutentha ndikosakhazikika, ndipo masiku a mitambo amakhala chinthu chachikulu kwambiri chogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za dzuwa. Mukugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwa biomis ngwazi za kupesa, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu imeneyi kumangokhala ochepa mphamvu ya kutentha kotsika, kasamalidwe kambiri ndi kuwongolera, ndi malo osungirako zinthu zosaphika. (3) Kukula mwaukadaulo. Maukadaulo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mphamvu zatsopano ndi zinthu zatsopano amakhala ndi kafukufuku wapamwamba komanso ukadaulo waukadaulo, ndi malo awo a pulogalamuyi akadali ochepa. Sanaperekepo nthawi zambiri, masamba ambiri ndi kutsimikizira kwakukulu, ndipo pamakhala zofooka zina komanso luso laukadaulo zomwe zikufunika kusintha mu ntchito. Ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri amakana kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo chifukwa cha zofooka zazing'ono. (4) Maukadaulo olowera ukadaulo ali otsika. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu kwa kukwaniritsidwa kwasayansi ndi teminoni kumafunikira kutchuka kwina. Pakadali pano, mphamvu zatsopano, ukadaulo watsopano ndi ukadaulo watsopano wobiriwira onse ndi gawo la malo ofufuzira zasayansi pozungulira anthu ambiri odziwa zambiri, komanso opanga luso sakudziwa; Nthawi yomweyo, kutchuka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje atsopano kumakhala kochepa kwambiri chifukwa zida zolimba za matekinologies ndi. . Chifukwa mphamvu, zida ndi kapangidwe kake wowonjezera ntchito zosiyanasiyana, maluso omwe ali ndi zida zowonjezera zopangidwa ndi zodzola zobiriwira nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha zida zodzolana ndi zida, komanso mosinthanitsa; Chifukwa chake, ofufuzawo okhudzana ndi mphamvu ndi zinthu kafukufuku akufunika kulimbikitsa kufufuza zenizeni zopangira mafakitale, ndipo opanga magetsi ayeneranso kuphunzira zinthu zatsopano ndi mphamvu zolimbikitsira ubalewo, kuti akwaniritse Cholinga cha ukadaulo wothandiza wosinthitsa, mtengo womanga wochepa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino. Kutengera mavuto omwe ali pamwambapa Cholinga chatsopano ndi zida zatsopano zothandizira kukulitsa malonda ogulitsanso nyumba.

Zambiri

Linaming, Sun Guotao, Li Haojie, Li RUI, HU YOSIN. Mphamvu zatsopano, zida zatsopano ndi kapangidwe katsopano zimathandizira kusintha kwatsopano kwa wowonjezera kutentha [j]. Masamba, 2022, (10): 1-8.