Li Jianming, Sun Guotao, etc.Greenhouse Horticultural Agriculture engineering Technology2022-11-21 17:42 Lofalitsidwa ku Beijing

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, makampani owonjezera kutentha kwapangidwa mwamphamvu.Kukula kwa wowonjezera kutentha sikumangowonjezera kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthaka komanso kuchuluka kwa zinthu zaulimi, komanso kumathetsa vuto la zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba munyengo yopuma.Komabe, wowonjezera kutentha wakumananso ndi zovuta zomwe sizinachitikepo.Maofesi oyambirira, njira zowotchera ndi mawonekedwe apangidwe apanga kukana chilengedwe ndi chitukuko.Zida zatsopano ndi mapangidwe atsopano ndizofunikira mwachangu kuti zisinthe mawonekedwe a wowonjezera kutentha, ndipo magwero atsopano amphamvu amafunikira mwachangu kuti akwaniritse zolinga zoteteza mphamvu ndi kuteteza chilengedwe, ndikuwonjezera kupanga ndi ndalama.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mutu wa "mphamvu zatsopano, zida zatsopano, mapangidwe atsopano othandizira kusintha kwatsopano kwa wowonjezera kutentha", kuphatikizapo kafukufuku ndi luso la mphamvu ya dzuwa, mphamvu ya biomass, mphamvu ya geothermal ndi magetsi ena atsopano mu wowonjezera kutentha, kafukufuku ndi ntchito. wa zipangizo zatsopano zophimba, kutchinjiriza matenthedwe, makoma ndi zipangizo zina, ndi chiyembekezo tsogolo ndi maganizo a mphamvu zatsopano, zipangizo zatsopano ndi kamangidwe katsopano kuthandiza wowonjezera kutentha kusintha, kuti apereke umboni kwa makampani.

Kupititsa patsogolo ulimi wamalo ndi chinthu chofunikira pa ndale komanso chisankho chosapeŵeka kuti tigwiritse ntchito mfundo zofunikira komanso kupanga zisankho za boma.Mu 2020, gawo lonse laulimi wotetezedwa ku China lidzakhala 2.8 miliyoni hm2, ndipo mtengo wake udzaposa 1 thililiyoni yuan.Ndi njira yofunikira yopititsira patsogolo mphamvu zopangira wowonjezera kutentha kuwongolera kuyatsa kowonjezera kutentha ndi ntchito yotchinjiriza kutentha kudzera mu mphamvu zatsopano, zida zatsopano ndi kapangidwe katsopano ka wowonjezera kutentha.Pali kuipa ambiri mu chikhalidwe wowonjezera kutentha kupanga, monga malasha, mafuta mafuta ndi zina mphamvu magwero ntchito Kutentha ndi Kutentha mu greenhouses chikhalidwe, chifukwa mu kuchuluka kwa mpweya woipa, amene kwambiri kuipitsa chilengedwe, pamene gasi, mphamvu yamagetsi ndi magwero ena mphamvu kumawonjezera ntchito mtengo wa greenhouses.Zida zamakono zosungirako kutentha kwa makoma owonjezera kutentha ndi dongo ndi njerwa, zomwe zimawononga kwambiri ndikuwononga kwambiri nthaka.Kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kwa nthaka kwa wowonjezera kutentha kwa dzuwa ndi khoma la dziko lapansi ndi 40% ~ 50% yokha, ndipo wowonjezera kutentha wamba amakhala ndi mphamvu yosungiramo kutentha, kotero sangathe kukhala m'nyengo yozizira kuti apange masamba otentha kumpoto kwa China.Chifukwa chake, maziko olimbikitsa kusintha kwa wowonjezera kutentha, kapena kafukufuku woyambira ali mu kapangidwe ka wowonjezera kutentha, kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha zida zatsopano ndi mphamvu zatsopano.Nkhaniyi ifotokoza za kafukufuku ndi luso latsopano magwero mphamvu mu wowonjezera kutentha, mwachidule kafukufuku udindo wa magwero mphamvu zatsopano monga mphamvu ya dzuwa, zotsalira zazomera mphamvu, geothermal mphamvu, mphamvu mphepo ndi zipangizo zatsopano mandala chophimba, zipangizo matenthedwe kutchinjiriza ndi zipangizo khoma mu wowonjezera kutentha, kusanthula kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zatsopano ndi zipangizo zatsopano pomanga wowonjezera kutentha, ndikuyembekezera gawo lawo pa chitukuko chamtsogolo ndi kusintha kwa wowonjezera kutentha.

Research and Innovation of New Energy Greenhouse

Mphamvu zatsopano zobiriwira zomwe zili ndi mphamvu zambiri pazaulimi zikuphatikizapo mphamvu ya dzuwa, mphamvu ya geothermal ndi biomass, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana, kuti tigwiritse ntchito bwino mphamvu pophunzira kuchokera ku mphamvu za wina ndi mzake.

mphamvu ya dzuwa/mphamvu

Ukadaulo wamagetsi adzuwa ndi njira yochepetsera mpweya, yogwira ntchito komanso yokhazikika, ndipo ndi gawo lofunikira pamafakitale aku China omwe akubwera.Idzakhala chisankho chosapeŵeka pakusintha ndi kukweza kwa mphamvu yaku China m'tsogolomu.Kuchokera pakuwona kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, greenhouse palokha ndi njira yopangira mphamvu ya dzuwa.Kupyolera mu wowonjezera kutentha, mphamvu ya dzuwa imasonkhanitsidwa m'nyumba, kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha kumakwezedwa, ndipo kutentha kofunikira kuti mbewu zikule zimaperekedwa.Gwero lalikulu la mphamvu ya photosynthesis ya zomera zobiriwira ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, komwe ndiko kugwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji mphamvu ya dzuwa.

01 Mphamvu ya Photovoltaic yopanga kutentha

Mphamvu ya Photovoltaic ndi teknoloji yomwe imasintha mwachindunji mphamvu ya kuwala kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito photovoltaic effect.Chofunikira kwambiri paukadaulo uwu ndi cell solar.Pamene mphamvu ya dzuwa imawalira pamagulu osiyanasiyana a solar panels motsatizana kapena mofanana, zigawo za semiconductor zimatembenuza mwachindunji mphamvu ya dzuwa kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi.Ukadaulo wa Photovoltaic ukhoza kusinthira mwachindunji mphamvu yowunikira kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi, kusunga magetsi kudzera m'mabatire, ndikuwotcha wowonjezera kutentha usiku, koma mtengo wake wokwera umalepheretsa kukula kwake.Gulu lofufuzira linapanga chipangizo chotenthetsera cha photovoltaic graphene, chomwe chimakhala ndi mapanelo osinthika a photovoltaic, makina owonetseratu onse, batire yosungiramo zinthu komanso ndodo yotentha ya graphene.Malinga ndi kutalika kwa mzere wobzala, ndodo yotenthetsera ya graphene imakwiriridwa pansi pa thumba la gawo lapansi.Masana, mapanelo a photovoltaic amatenga kuwala kwa dzuwa kuti apange magetsi ndikusunga mu batire yosungiramo, ndiyeno magetsi amatulutsidwa usiku chifukwa cha ndodo yotentha ya graphene.Muyezo weniweni, njira yoyendetsera kutentha kuyambira 17 ℃ ndi kutseka pa 19 ℃ imatengedwa.Kuthamanga usiku (20: 00-08: 00 pa tsiku lachiwiri) kwa maola 8, mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito kutentha mzere umodzi wa zomera ndi 1.24 kW · h, ndipo kutentha kwapakati pa thumba la gawo lapansi usiku ndi 19.2 ℃, zomwe ndi 3.5 ~ 5.3 ℃ apamwamba kuposa ulamuliro.Njira yotenthetsera iyi yophatikizika ndi kupanga mphamvu ya Photovoltaic imathetsa mavuto akugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri komanso kuipitsidwa kwakukulu pakuwotcha wowonjezera kutentha m'nyengo yozizira.

02 kutembenuka kwa Photothermal ndikugwiritsa ntchito

Solar photothermal conversion imatanthawuza kugwiritsa ntchito malo apadera osonkhanitsira kuwala kwa dzuwa kopangidwa ndi zinthu zosinthira ma photothermal kuti asonkhanitse ndi kuyamwa mphamvu zambiri zadzuwa zomwe zimawulutsidwa momwe zingathere ndikusintha kukhala mphamvu ya kutentha.Poyerekeza ndi ma solar photovoltaic applications, ma solar photothermal applications amawonjezera kuyamwa kwa band yapafupi ndi infrared, motero imakhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ya kuwala kwa dzuwa, mtengo wotsika komanso ukadaulo wokhwima, ndipo ndiyo njira yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa.

Ukadaulo wokhwima kwambiri wa kutembenuka kwa photothermal ndikugwiritsa ntchito ku China ndi wokhometsa dzuŵa, gawo loyambira lomwe ndi pachimake chotenthetsera kutentha chokhala ndi zokutira zosankhidwa, zomwe zimatha kusintha mphamvu ya dzuwa yodutsa pachivundikirocho kukhala mphamvu yotentha ndikutumiza. mpaka ku sing'anga yogwira ntchito yotengera kutentha.Osonkhanitsa dzuwa akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri malinga ndi ngati pali malo osungiramo osonkhanitsa kapena ayi: osonkhanitsa dzuwa lathyathyathya ndi vacuum chubu osonkhanitsa dzuwa;kuyang'ana kwambiri otolera adzuwa ndi osayang'ana otolera dzuŵa molingana ndi ngati kuwala kwadzuwa padoko lounikira kumasintha njira;ndi otolera amadzimadzi adzuwa ndi otolera ma solar amlengalenga malinga ndi mtundu wa sing'anga yotumizira kutentha.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za dzuwa mu wowonjezera kutentha kumachitika makamaka kudzera mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya osonkhanitsa dzuwa.Yunivesite ya Ibn Zor ku Morocco yakhazikitsa njira yotenthetsera mphamvu ya dzuwa (ASHS) yotenthetsera wowonjezera kutentha, yomwe imatha kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa phwetekere ndi 55% m'nyengo yozizira.China Agricultural University yakonza ndi kukonza makina osonkhanitsira ndi kutulutsa kutentha pamwamba pa 390.6 ~ 693.0 MJ, ndikuyika patsogolo lingaliro lolekanitsa njira yosonkhanitsira kutentha ndi njira yosungiramo kutentha ndi pampu ya kutentha.The University of Bari ku Italy wapanga wowonjezera kutentha polygeneration Kutentha dongosolo, lomwe lili ndi dongosolo dzuwa mphamvu ndi mpweya madzi kutentha mpope, ndipo akhoza kuonjezera kutentha kwa mpweya ndi 3.6% ndi kutentha nthaka ndi 92%.Gulu lofufuzira lapanga mtundu wa zida zosonkhanitsira zotentha za dzuwa zokhala ndi ngodya zosinthika za wowonjezera kutentha kwa dzuwa, komanso chipangizo chothandizira kutentha kwamadzi owonjezera kutentha nyengo yonse.Ukadaulo wolimbikira wosonkhanitsira kutentha kwadzuwa wokhala ndi malingaliro osinthika umaphwanya malire a zida zosonkhanitsira kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha, monga mphamvu zochepa zosonkhanitsira kutentha, shading ndi kugwira ntchito kwa malo olimidwa.Pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe apadera a wowonjezera kutentha kwa dzuwa, malo osabzala a wowonjezera kutentha amagwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira, zomwe zimathandizira kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito bwino danga la wowonjezera kutentha.Pansi pa nthawi yomwe dzuwa limagwira ntchito, makina osonkhanitsira kutentha kwa dzuwa omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe osinthika amafika 1.9 MJ/(m2h), kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kumafika 85.1% ndipo mphamvu yopulumutsa mphamvu ndi 77%.Mu tekinoloje yosungiramo kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha, njira yosungiramo kutentha kwamitundu yambiri imayikidwa, kusungirako kutentha kwa chipangizo chosungirako kutentha kumawonjezeka, ndipo kumasulidwa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa kutentha kuchokera ku chipangizocho kumachitika, kuti azindikire kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera kutentha komwe kumasonkhanitsidwa ndi zida zosonkhanitsira kutentha kwadzuwa wowonjezera kutentha.

biomass mphamvu

Malo atsopanowa amamangidwa pophatikiza chipangizo chopangira kutentha kwa biomass ndi wowonjezera kutentha, ndipo zopangira zopangira monga manyowa a nkhumba, zotsalira za bowa ndi udzu zimapangidwa kuti zipangitse kutentha, ndipo mphamvu ya kutentha yomwe imapangidwa imaperekedwa mwachindunji ku wowonjezera kutentha [ 5].Poyerekeza ndi wowonjezera kutentha popanda zotsalira zazomera nayonso mphamvu Kutentha thanki, ndi Kutentha wowonjezera kutentha akhoza bwino kuonjezera kutentha pansi mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi kukhalabe kutentha kwa mizu ya mbewu nakulitsa mu nthaka yachibadwa nyengo yozizira.Kutengera mtundu umodzi wosanjikiza wowonjezera kutentha kwa kutentha kwa 17m ndi kutalika kwa 30m mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera 8m za zinyalala zaulimi (udzu wa phwetekere ndi manyowa a nkhumba osakanikirana) mu thanki yowotchera m'nyumba kuti nayonso ivute popanda kutembenuza muluwo. onjezerani kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa wowonjezera kutentha ndi 4.2 ℃ m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo pafupifupi kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kumatha kufika 4.6 ℃.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwa biomass kulamulidwa nayonso mphamvu ndi njira yowotchera yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zida ndi zida kuwongolera njira yowotchera kuti ipeze mwachangu komanso kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera mphamvu yamafuta a biomass ndi feteleza wamafuta a CO2, pomwe mpweya wabwino ndi chinyezi ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera kutentha. ndi kupanga gasi wa biomass.Pansi pa mpweya wabwino, tizilombo ta aerobic mu mulu wowotchera timagwiritsira ntchito mpweya wa okosijeni pazochitika za moyo, ndipo gawo la mphamvu zomwe zimapangidwira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika za moyo wawo, ndipo gawo lina la mphamvu limatulutsidwa ku chilengedwe monga mphamvu ya kutentha, yomwe imapindulitsa kutentha. kukwera kwa chilengedwe.Madzi amatenga nawo gawo munjira yonse yowotcha, kupereka zakudya zofunikira zosungunuka pazachilengedwe, komanso nthawi yomweyo kutulutsa kutentha kwa muluwo ngati nthunzi kudzera m'madzi, kuti muchepetse kutentha kwa mulu, kutalikitsa moyo wa mulu. tizilombo ndi kuonjezera chochuluka kutentha kwa mulu.Kuyika kachipangizo ka udzu mu thanki yowotchera kumatha kuonjezera kutentha kwa m’nyumba ndi 3 ~ 5℃ m’nyengo yozizira, kulimbikitsa photosynthesis ya zomera ndi kuonjezera zokolola za phwetekere ndi 29.6%.

Mphamvu ya m'nthaka

Dziko la China lili ndi chuma chochuluka cha geothermal.Pakali pano, njira yodziwika kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zaulimi pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya geothermal ndi kugwiritsa ntchito popo ya kutentha kwapansi, yomwe imatha kuchoka ku mphamvu ya kutentha yapansi kupita ku mphamvu ya kutentha kwapamwamba polowetsa mphamvu zochepa (monga mphamvu yamagetsi).Mosiyana ndi miyambo yotentha yotentha kutentha, nthaka gwero kutentha mpope Kutentha sangathe kukwaniritsa kwambiri Kutentha kwenikweni, komanso amatha kuziziritsa wowonjezera kutentha ndi kuchepetsa chinyezi mu wowonjezera kutentha.Kafukufuku wogwiritsira ntchito pampu yotentha yochokera pansi pa nthaka m'munda womanga nyumba ndi wokhwima.Pachimake mbali zimene zimakhudza Kutentha ndi kuzirala mphamvu pansi-gwero kutentha mpope ndi mobisa kutentha kuwombola gawo, amene makamaka zikuphatikizapo mipope m'manda, zitsime mobisa, etc. zakhala zofufuza za gawoli.Pa nthawi yomweyo, kusintha kwa kutentha kwa nthaka wosanjikiza mobisa ntchito pansi gwero kutentha mpope kumakhudzanso ntchito zotsatira kutentha mpope dongosolo.Kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka gwero kutentha mpope kuziziritsa wowonjezera kutentha m'chilimwe ndi kusunga kutentha mphamvu mu nthaka wosanjikiza kwambiri akhoza kuchepetsa kutentha dontho la mobisa nthaka wosanjikiza ndi kusintha kutentha kupanga dzuwa la nthaka gwero kutentha mpope m'nyengo yozizira.

Pakalipano, mu kafukufuku wa ntchito ndi mphamvu ya pampu ya kutentha kwapansi, kupyolera mu deta yeniyeni yoyesera, chitsanzo cha manambala chimakhazikitsidwa ndi mapulogalamu monga TOUGH2 ndi TRNSYS, ndipo zimatsimikiziridwa kuti kutentha kwa kutentha ndi coefficient of performance (COP). ) ya pampu yotentha yochokera pansi imatha kufika 3.0 ~ 4.5, yomwe imakhala ndi kuzizira komanso kutentha.Pakafukufuku wa njira yogwiritsira ntchito makina opopera kutentha, Fu Yunzhun ndi ena adapeza kuti poyerekeza ndi kutuluka kwa mbali yonyamula katundu, kutuluka kwa gwero lapansi kumakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a unit ndi ntchito yotengera kutentha kwa chitoliro chokwiriridwa. .Pansi pa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kakeShi Huixian et.adatengera njira yapakatikati yozizira yosungira madzi.M'chilimwe, kutentha kukakhala kokwera, COP yamagetsi onse amatha kufika 3.80.

Ukadaulo wozama wosungira kutentha kwa dothi mu wowonjezera kutentha

Kusungirako kutentha kwa nthaka mu wowonjezera kutentha kumatchedwanso "banki yosungiramo kutentha" mu wowonjezera kutentha.Kuwonongeka kozizira m'nyengo yozizira komanso kutentha kwambiri m'chilimwe ndizomwe zimalepheretsa kupanga wowonjezera kutentha.Kutengera mphamvu yamphamvu yosungiramo kutentha kwa nthaka yakuya, gulu lofufuzira linapanga chipangizo chosungiramo kutentha kwapansi pa nthaka.Chipangizocho ndi payipi yamitundu iwiri yofananira yotengera kutentha yokwiriridwa pakuya kwa 1.5 ~ 2.5m pansi pa nthaka mu wowonjezera kutentha, yokhala ndi polowera mpweya pamwamba pa wowonjezera kutentha ndi potulutsa mpweya pansi.Kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha kumakhala kokwera, mpweya wamkati umaponyedwa pansi ndi fan kuti uzindikire kusungirako kutentha ndi kuchepetsa kutentha.Kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha kumakhala kochepa, kutentha kumachotsedwa m'nthaka kutenthetsa wowonjezera kutentha.Zotsatira za kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zikuwonetsa kuti chipangizochi chimatha kuwonjezera kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha ndi 2.3 ℃ usiku wachisanu, kuchepetsa kutentha kwamkati ndi 2.6 ℃ masana achilimwe, ndikuwonjezera zokolola za phwetekere ndi 1500kg mu 667 m.².Chipangizocho chimagwiritsa ntchito bwino mawonekedwe a "ofunda m'nyengo yozizira komanso ozizira m'chilimwe" ndi "kutentha kosalekeza" kwa nthaka yakuya pansi pa nthaka, kumapereka "banki yopezera mphamvu" kwa wowonjezera kutentha, ndipo mosalekeza amamaliza ntchito zothandizira zowonjezera kutentha ndi kutentha. .

Kugwirizanitsa mphamvu zambiri

Kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu iwiri kapena kuposerapo mphamvu kutentha wowonjezera kutentha akhoza bwino kupanga kuipa kwa mtundu umodzi mphamvu, ndi kupereka sewero kwa superposition zotsatira za "imodzi kuphatikiza mmodzi ndi wamkulu kuposa awiri".Mgwirizano wowonjezera pakati pa mphamvu ya geothermal ndi mphamvu yadzuwa ndi malo ofufuza akugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zatsopano pakupanga ulimi m'zaka zaposachedwa.Emmi ndi.adaphunzira njira yopangira mphamvu zambiri (Chithunzi 1), yomwe ili ndi chosonkhanitsa cha solar cha photovoltaic-thermal hybrid.Poyerekeza ndi wamba mpweya madzi kutentha mpope dongosolo, dzuwa mphamvu ya Mipikisano gwero mphamvu dongosolo bwino ndi 16% ~ 25%.Zheng ndi.adapanga njira yatsopano yosungiramo kutentha kwa mphamvu yadzuwa ndi pompa yotentha yapansi panthaka.Dongosolo la osonkhanitsa dzuŵa limatha kuzindikira kusungirako kwanyengo kwanthawi yayitali, ndiko kuti, kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira komanso kuzizira kwapamwamba m'chilimwe.The kukwiriridwa chubu kutentha exchanger ndi wapakatikati kutentha thanki yosungirako akhoza kuyenda bwino mu dongosolo, ndipo mtengo COP dongosolo akhoza kufika 6.96.

Kuphatikizidwa ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa, cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zamalonda ndikuwonjezera kukhazikika kwa magetsi a dzuwa mu wowonjezera kutentha.Wan Ya et.kuika patsogolo nzeru zatsopano ulamuliro luso chiwembu chophatikiza mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi mphamvu malonda kwa wowonjezera kutentha Kutentha, amene angagwiritse ntchito mphamvu photovoltaic pamene pali kuwala, ndi kuwasandutsa mu malonda mphamvu pamene palibe kuwala, kuchepetsa kwambiri katundu kusowa mphamvu. mlingo, ndi kuchepetsa mtengo wachuma popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mabatire.

Mphamvu zadzuwa, mphamvu za biomass ndi mphamvu yamagetsi zimatha kutenthetsa malo obiriwira, omwe amathanso kukwaniritsa kutentha kwambiri.Zhang Liangrui ndi ena ophatikiza kutentha kwa solar vacuum chubu ndi thanki yamadzi yosungiramo kutentha kwamagetsi.Makina otenthetsera owonjezera kutentha amakhala ndi chitonthozo chabwino chamafuta, ndipo kutentha kwapakati kwadongosolo ndi 68.70%.Tanki yamadzi yosungiramo kutentha kwamagetsi ndi chipangizo chosungiramo madzi cha biomass chotenthetsera magetsi.Kutentha kochepa kwambiri kwa madzi olowera kumapeto kwa Kutentha kumayikidwa, ndipo njira yogwiritsira ntchito dongosololi imatsimikiziridwa molingana ndi kutentha kwa madzi osungiramo kutentha kwa gawo la dzuwa ndi gawo losungirako kutentha kwa biomass, kuti mukwaniritse kutentha kokhazikika pa kutentha kwa dzuwa. Kutentha kumapeto ndikupulumutsa mphamvu zamagetsi ndi zotsalira zazomera mphamvu mpaka pamlingo waukulu.

Kafukufuku Watsopano ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zida Zatsopano Zowonjezera Zowonjezera

Ndi kukula kwa dera la wowonjezera kutentha, zovuta zogwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zamtundu wowonjezera kutentha monga njerwa ndi nthaka zikuwululidwa.Choncho, pofuna kupititsa patsogolo ntchito ya kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha ndi kukwaniritsa zosowa za chitukuko cha wowonjezera kutentha kwamakono, pali kafukufuku wambiri ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zatsopano zowonekera, zipangizo zotetezera kutentha ndi zipangizo zapakhoma.

Kafukufuku ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida zatsopano zowonekera

Mitundu ya zinthu zowoneka bwino zophimba wowonjezera kutentha zimaphatikizansopo filimu ya pulasitiki, galasi, solar panel ndi photovoltaic panel, yomwe filimu yapulasitiki imakhala ndi malo akuluakulu ogwiritsira ntchito.Kanema wamba wowonjezera kutentha wa PE ali ndi zolakwika za moyo waufupi wautumiki, osawonongeka komanso ntchito imodzi.Pakalipano, mafilimu osiyanasiyana atsopano ogwira ntchito apangidwa powonjezera ma reagents ogwira ntchito kapena zokutira.

Kanema wosintha kuwala:Kanema wotembenuza kuwala amasintha mawonekedwe a filimuyo pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosinthira kuwala monga zinthu zapadziko lapansi ndi nano, ndipo zimatha kusintha dera la kuwala kwa ultraviolet kukhala kuwala kofiira kwa lalanje ndi kuwala kwa blue violet komwe kumafunidwa ndi photosynthesis ya zomera, motero kuonjezera zokolola za mbewu ndi kuchepetsa. kuwonongeka kwa kuwala kwa ultraviolet ku mbewu ndi mafilimu owonjezera kutentha m'nyumba zapulasitiki.Mwachitsanzo, lonse gulu lofiirira ndi wofiira wowonjezera kutentha filimu VTR-660 kuwala kutembenuka wothandizila kwambiri kusintha infuraredi transmittance pamene ntchito mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndipo poyerekeza ndi ulamuliro wowonjezera kutentha, phwetekere zokolola pa hekitala, vitamini C ndi lycopene okhutira. zawonjezeka kwambiri ndi 25.71%, 11.11% ndi 33.04% motsatira.Komabe, pakali pano, moyo wautumiki, kuwonongeka ndi mtengo wa filimu yatsopano yotembenuza kuwala ikufunikabe kuphunziridwa.

Magalasi amwazikana: Magalasi amwazikana mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi chitsanzo chapadera ndi teknoloji yotsutsa-reflection pamwamba pa galasi, yomwe imatha kukulitsa kuwala kwa dzuwa kukhala kuwala kobalalika ndikulowa mu wowonjezera kutentha, kupititsa patsogolo kuwala kwa photosynthesis kwa mbewu ndikuwonjezera zokolola.Magalasi omwaza amasintha kuwala kolowera mu wowonjezera kutentha kukhala kuwala kobalalika kudzera mwapadera, ndipo kuwala kobalalika kumatha kukhala kofananira ndi wowonjezera kutentha, ndikuchotsa chikoka cha mthunzi wa chigoba pa wowonjezera kutentha.Poyerekeza ndi magalasi oyandama wamba ndi magalasi oyandama owala kwambiri, muyezo wa kuwala kwa magalasi omwaza ndi 91.5%, ndipo magalasi wamba oyandama ndi 88%.Pakuwonjezeka kulikonse kwa 1% kwa kufalikira kwa kuwala mkati mwa wowonjezera kutentha, zokolola zimatha kuwonjezereka ndi pafupifupi 3%, ndipo shuga wosungunuka ndi vitamini C mu zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zawonjezeka.Magalasi omwaza mu wowonjezera kutentha amakutidwa poyamba ndiyeno kupsya mtima, ndipo kuphulika kwamadzimadzi kumakwera kuposa momwe dziko likukhalira, kufika pa 2 ‰.

Kafukufuku ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zida Zatsopano Zopangira Mafuta

Zipangizo zamatenthedwe zamatenthedwe mu wowonjezera kutentha zimaphatikizira udzu, quilt yamapepala, quilt yosokera yosokera, ndi zina zambiri, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakutchinjiriza mkati ndi kunja kwa madenga, kutchinjiriza khoma ndi kutenthetsa kwamafuta ena osungira kutentha ndi zida zosonkhanitsira kutentha. .Ambiri aiwo ali ndi chilema chotaya ntchito yotchinjiriza chifukwa cha chinyezi chamkati pambuyo pakugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali.Chifukwa chake, pali zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zatsopano zotenthetsera kutentha, zomwe zida zatsopano zosungirako matenthedwe, kusungirako kutentha ndi zida zosonkhanitsira kutentha ndizofufuza.

Zida zatsopano zotchinjiriza matenthedwe nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa pokonza ndikuphatikiza zinthu zosakhala ndi madzi komanso zosagwira kukalamba monga filimu yolukidwa komanso yokutidwa ndi zinthu zosungunulira zotentha monga thonje lopaka utoto, cashmere yosiyana siyana ndi thonje la ngale.Chovala chotchingira chotenthetsera chotenthetsera cha thonje cholukidwa ndi filimu chidayesedwa kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China.Zinapezeka kuti kuwonjezera thonje lopaka 500g kunali kofanana ndi 4500g ya 4500g wakuda wonyezimira wonyezimira pamsika.Mumikhalidwe yomweyi, ntchito yotchinjiriza ya 700g ya thonje yopaka utoto idasinthidwa ndi 1 ~ 2 ℃ poyerekeza ndi ya 500g yopaka thonje yopaka thonje.Nthawi yomweyo, kafukufuku wina adapezanso kuti poyerekeza ndi zotchingira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pamsika, mphamvu yotchinjiriza ya thonje yopopera ndi mitundu ina ya cashmere ndi yabwinoko, komanso kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa 84.0% ndi 83.3 % motsatira.Kutentha kwakunja kozizira kwambiri ndi -24.4 ℃, kutentha kwamkati kumatha kufika 5.4 ndi 4.2 ℃ motsatana.Poyerekeza ndi udzu umodzi kutchinjiriza quilt, latsopano gulu kutchinjiriza quilt ali ndi ubwino wopepuka kulemera, mkulu kutchinjiriza mlingo, wamphamvu madzi ndi kukana kukalamba, ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mtundu watsopano wa mkulu-mwachangu kutchinjiriza zakuthupi kwa greenhouses dzuwa.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa zipangizo zopangira kutentha kwa kutentha kwa kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha ndi kusungirako zipangizo zosungiramo zinthu, zimapezekanso kuti pamene makulidwe ali ofanana, zipangizo zopangira matenthedwe amitundu yambiri zimakhala ndi ntchito yabwino yotetezera kutentha kusiyana ndi zipangizo imodzi.Gulu la Pulofesa Li Jianming waku Northwest A&F University adapanga ndikuyang'ana mitundu 22 ya zida zosungiramo madzi otenthetsera kutentha, monga vacuum board, airgel ndi thonje la rabara, ndikuyesa momwe zimatenthetsera.Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti 80mm zokutira zotenthetsera za 80mm+aerogel+labala-pulasitiki zotchinjiriza za thonje zophatikizika zimatha kuchepetsa kutentha kwa 0.367MJ pa nthawi ya unit poyerekeza ndi thonje la mphira-pulasitiki wa 80mm, ndipo kutentha kwake kunali 0.283W/(m2) ·k) pamene makulidwe a kuphatikiza kwa kutchinjiriza kunali 100mm.

Zinthu zosinthira gawo ndi amodzi mwa malo otentha kwambiri pakufufuza kwazinthu zowonjezera kutentha.Northwest A&F University yapanga mitundu iwiri ya zida zosungiramo zinthu zosinthira gawo: imodzi ndi bokosi losungiramo zinthu zopangidwa ndi polyethylene yakuda, yomwe ili ndi kukula kwa 50cm×30cm×14cm (kutalika × kutalika × makulidwe) ndipo imadzazidwa ndi zida zosinthira gawo, kotero kuti ikhoza kusunga kutentha ndi kumasula kutentha;Kachiwiri, mtundu watsopano wa wallboard wosintha magawo umapangidwa.Bolodi yosinthira magawo imakhala ndi zinthu zosinthira gawo, mbale za aluminiyamu, mbale za aluminiyamu-pulasitiki ndi aloyi ya aluminiyamu.Zinthu zosintha gawo zili pamalo apamwamba kwambiri a wallboard, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi 200mm×200mm×50mm.Ndi powdery olimba isanayambe ndi itatha kusintha kwa gawo, ndipo palibe chodabwitsa cha kusungunuka kapena kuyenda.Makoma anayi azinthu zosinthira gawo ndi mbale ya aluminiyamu ndi mbale ya aluminiyamu-pulasitiki, motsatana.Chipangizochi chimatha kuzindikira ntchito zosunga kutentha masana komanso kutulutsa kutentha kwambiri usiku.

Choncho, pali mavuto ena pa ntchito limodzi matenthedwe kutchinjiriza zakuthupi, monga otsika matenthedwe kutchinjiriza dzuwa, kutentha kutentha kwambiri, yochepa kutentha kutentha nthawi, etc. Choncho, ntchito gulu matenthedwe kutchinjiriza zakuthupi monga matenthedwe kutchinjiriza wosanjikiza ndi m'nyumba ndi kunja matenthedwe kutchinjiriza. Kuphimba wosanjikiza wa kutentha yosungirako chipangizo akhoza bwino patsogolo matenthedwe kutchinjiriza ntchito wa wowonjezera kutentha, kuchepetsa imfa ya kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha, motero kukwaniritsa zotsatira za kupulumutsa mphamvu.

Kafukufuku ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kwa New Wall

Monga mtundu wa mpanda, khoma ndi chotchinga chofunika kwa wowonjezera kutentha kuteteza kuzizira ndi kuteteza kutentha.Malinga ndi zida zapakhoma ndi zomangamanga, kukula kwa khoma lakumpoto la wowonjezera kutentha kungagawidwe m'mitundu itatu: khoma lopangidwa ndi dothi, njerwa, ndi zina zotero, ndi khoma lakumpoto lopangidwa ndi njerwa zadongo, njerwa za block, matabwa a polystyrene, ndi zina zotero, zosungiramo kutentha kwa mkati ndi kunja kwa kutentha kwa kunja, ndipo ambiri mwa makomawa ndi owononga nthawi komanso ogwira ntchito;Choncho, m'zaka zaposachedwapa, mitundu yatsopano ya makoma yawonekera, yomwe ndi yosavuta kumanga komanso yoyenera kusonkhana mwamsanga.

Kuwonekera kwa makoma amtundu watsopano kumalimbikitsa chitukuko chofulumira cha nyumba zobiriwira zomwe zimasonkhana, kuphatikizapo makoma amtundu watsopano okhala ndi zida zakunja zopanda madzi komanso zotsutsana ndi ukalamba komanso zinthu monga anamva, thonje la ngale, thonje la danga, thonje lagalasi kapena thonje lobwezerezedwanso monga kutentha. zigawo kutchinjiriza, monga kusinthasintha anasonkhana makoma a thonje kutsitsi-boma ku Xinjiang.Kuphatikiza apo, maphunziro ena adanenanso za khoma lakumpoto la wowonjezera kutentha komwe kuli ndi wosanjikiza wosungirako kutentha, monga chipika chodzaza njerwa cha tirigu ku Xinjiang.Pansi pa malo omwewo akunja, pomwe kutentha kwakunja kumakhala -20.8 ℃, kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha kwadzuwa ndi khoma lopangidwa ndi chigoba cha tirigu ndi 7.5 ℃, pomwe kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha kwa dzuwa ndi khoma la njerwa ndi 3.2 ℃.Nthawi yokolola ya phwetekere mu wowonjezera kutentha kwa njerwa imatha kupitilira masiku 16, ndipo zokolola za wowonjezera kutentha ziwonjezeke ndi 18.4%.

Gulu lothandizira la Northwest A&F University lidapereka lingaliro lopanga kupanga udzu, dothi, madzi, mwala ndi zida zosinthira gawo kukhala zotsekemera zotenthetsera ndi ma module osungira kutentha kuchokera pakona ya kuwala ndi mawonekedwe osavuta a khoma, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kafukufuku wogwiritsa ntchito ma modular ophatikizidwa. khoma.Mwachitsanzo, poyerekeza ndi wowonjezera kutentha kwa njerwa, kutentha kwapakati pa wowonjezera kutentha kumakhala 4.0 ℃ pamwamba pa tsiku lomwe lili ndi dzuwa.Mitundu itatu ya ma modules a simenti osinthika, omwe amapangidwa ndi zinthu zosinthika (PCM) ndi simenti, apeza kutentha kwa 74.5, 88.0 ndi 95.1 MJ/m.³, ndikutulutsa kutentha kwa 59.8, 67.8 ndi 84.2 MJ/m³, motero.Amakhala ndi ntchito za "kudula pachimake" masana, "kudzaza chigwa" usiku, kutengera kutentha m'chilimwe ndi kutulutsa kutentha m'nyengo yozizira.

Makoma atsopanowa amasonkhanitsidwa pamalopo, ndi nthawi yayitali yomanga komanso moyo wautali wautumiki, zomwe zimapanga zinthu zomanga kuwala, zosavuta komanso zosonkhanitsidwa mwachangu, ndipo zimatha kulimbikitsa kwambiri kukonzanso kwa greenhouses.Komabe, pali zolakwika zina pakhoma lamtunduwu, monga khoma lopangidwa ndi thonje lopangidwa ndi thonje lotenthetsera lili ndi ntchito yabwino yotchinjiriza, koma silikhala ndi mphamvu yosungira kutentha, ndipo zomangira zosinthira gawo zimakhala ndi vuto la mtengo wokwera.M'tsogolomu, kafukufuku wogwiritsira ntchito khoma losonkhana ayenera kulimbikitsidwa.

Mphamvu zatsopano, zida zatsopano ndi mapangidwe atsopano amathandizira kusintha kwa wowonjezera kutentha.

Kufufuza ndi kukonzanso kwa mphamvu zatsopano ndi zipangizo zatsopano zimapereka maziko a mapangidwe atsopano a wowonjezera kutentha.Nyumba yosungiramo mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ndi nyumba zazikulu kwambiri pazaulimi ku China, ndipo zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa ulimi.Komabe, ndi chitukuko cha chuma cha chikhalidwe cha anthu ku China, zofooka za mitundu iwiri ya zomangamanga zikuwonjezeka.Choyamba, malo opangira malo ndi ochepa ndipo kuchuluka kwa makina ndi kochepa;Chachiwiri, kutentha kwa dzuwa kopulumutsa mphamvu kumakhala ndi kutentha kwabwino, koma kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthaka kumakhala kochepa, komwe kuli kofanana ndi kusintha mphamvu ya wowonjezera kutentha ndi nthaka.Wamba arch shed sikuti amakhala ndi malo ang'onoang'ono, komanso amakhala ndi kusungunula kosauka kwamafuta.Ngakhale kuti wowonjezera kutentha wamitundu yambiri ali ndi malo ambiri, amakhala ndi kutentha kosakwanira komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri.Choncho, m'pofunika kufufuza ndi kukhazikitsa dongosolo wowonjezera kutentha oyenera mlingo wa China panopa chikhalidwe ndi zachuma, ndi kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha mphamvu zatsopano ndi zipangizo zatsopano zingathandize wowonjezera kutentha dongosolo kusintha ndi kubala zosiyanasiyana nzeru wowonjezera kutentha zitsanzo kapena nyumba.

Kafukufuku Watsopano pa Malo Aakulu Akuluakulu a Asymmetric Water-controlled Brewing Greenhouse

The lalikulu-span asymmetric madzi ankalamulira moŵa wowonjezera kutentha (patent nambala: ZL 201220391214.2) zachokera pa mfundo ya dzuwa wowonjezera kutentha, kusintha symmetrical dongosolo wamba pulasitiki wowonjezera kutentha, kuonjezera kum'mwera danga, kuwonjezera kuyatsa dera lakum'mwera denga, kuchepetsa kutalika kwa kumpoto ndi kuchepetsa kutentha kwa malo, ndi kutalika kwa 18 ~ 24m ndi kutalika kwa 6 ~ 7m.Kupyolera mu luso la mapangidwe, mapangidwe a malo awonjezeka kwambiri.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mavuto a kutentha kosakwanira mu wowonjezera kutentha m'nyengo yozizira komanso kusungunula kosauka kwamafuta azinthu zodziwika bwino zamatenthedwe amathetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo watsopano wa biomass moŵa kutentha ndi zida zopangira matenthedwe.Kupanga ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku zikuwonetsa kuti kutentha kwakukulu kwamadzi komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi madzi, komwe kumakhala kutentha kwa 11.7 ℃ masiku adzuwa ndi 10.8 ℃ masiku amtambo, kumatha kukwaniritsa kufunikira kwa kukula kwa mbewu m'nyengo yozizira, komanso mtengo womanga. wowonjezera kutentha wachepetsedwa ndi 39.6% ndipo kuchuluka kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka nthaka kukuwonjezeka ndi 30% poyerekeza ndi nyumba yotenthetsera njerwa ya polystyrene, yomwe ili yoyenera kutchuka komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito mumtsinje wa Yellow Huaihe River ku China.

Anasonkhana dzuwa wowonjezera kutentha

Anasonkhana dzuwa wowonjezera kutentha amatenga mizati ndi denga mafupa monga katundu katundu, ndipo khoma zinthu zake makamaka kutentha kutchinjiriza mpanda, m'malo kubala ndi kungokhala chete kutentha yosungirako ndi kumasula.Makamaka: (1) mtundu watsopano wa anasonkhana khoma aumbike ndi kaphatikizidwe zipangizo zosiyanasiyana monga filimu TACHIMATA kapena mtundu zitsulo mbale, udzu chipika, kusintha matenthedwe kutchinjiriza quilt, matope chipika, etc. (2) gulu khoma bolodi zopangidwa prefabricated simenti bolodi. - polystyrene board-simenti bolodi;(3) Kuwala ndi kosavuta kusonkhana mtundu wa zipangizo zotchinjiriza matenthedwe ndi yogwira kutentha kusungirako ndi kumasula dongosolo ndi dehumidification dongosolo, monga pulasitiki lalikulu chidebe chosungira kutentha ndi posungira kutentha mapaipi.Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zatsopano zotchinjiriza kutentha ndi zida zosungirako kutentha m'malo mwakhoma lapadziko lapansi kuti amange wowonjezera kutentha kwa dzuwa ali ndi malo akulu ndi zomangamanga zazing'ono.Zotsatira zoyesera zikuwonetsa kuti kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha usiku m'nyengo yozizira ndi 4.5 ℃ kuposa momwe zimawonjezeredwa ndi khoma lakale la njerwa, ndipo makulidwe a khoma lakumbuyo ndi 166mm.Poyerekeza ndi 600mm wandiweyani njerwa wowonjezera kutentha kwa khoma, malo omwe amakhala pakhoma amachepetsedwa ndi 72%, ndipo mtengo pa sikweya mita ndi 334.5 yuan, womwe ndi 157.2 yuan wotsika kuposa wowonjezera kutentha kwa njerwa, komanso mtengo womanga. watsika kwambiri.Choncho, wowonjezera wowonjezera kutentha ali ndi ubwino wocheperako kuwononga nthaka, kupulumutsa nthaka, kufulumira kwa zomangamanga ndi moyo wautali wautumiki, ndipo ndi njira yofunikira pakupanga zatsopano ndi chitukuko cha greenhouses za dzuwa pakalipano komanso m'tsogolomu.

Kutsetsereka kwa dzuwa wowonjezera kutentha

The skateboard-anasonkhana mphamvu yopulumutsa dzuwa wowonjezera kutentha wopangidwa ndi Shenyang Agricultural University amagwiritsa kumbuyo khoma la wowonjezera kutentha kwa dzuwa kupanga madzi ozungulira khoma kutentha dongosolo kusunga kutentha ndi kukweza kutentha, amene makamaka wapangidwa ndi dziwe (32m).³), mbale yosonkhanitsa kuwala (360m²), mpope wamadzi, paipi yamadzi ndi chowongolera.Chotchingira chotenthetsera chotenthetsera chimasinthidwa ndi mbale yatsopano yopepuka ya rock wool yamitundu yachitsulo pamwamba.Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti mapangidwewa amathetsa bwino vuto la ma gables otsekereza kuwala, ndikuwonjezera malo olowera kuwala kwa wowonjezera kutentha.Kuunikira kwa wowonjezera kutentha ndi 41.5 °, komwe kuli pafupifupi 16 ° kuposa kuwongolera kowonjezera kutentha, motero kumapangitsanso kuyatsa.Kugawidwa kwa kutentha kwa m'nyumba kumakhala kofanana, ndipo zomera zimakula bwino.The wowonjezera kutentha ali ndi ubwino kuwongolera bwino ntchito nthaka, flexibility kupanga wowonjezera kutentha kukula ndi kufupikitsa nthawi yomanga, zimene ndi zofunika kwambiri kuteteza nthaka yolimidwa ndi chilengedwe.

Photovoltaic wowonjezera kutentha

Ulimi wowonjezera kutentha ndi wowonjezera kutentha womwe umagwirizanitsa mphamvu ya dzuwa ya photovoltaic, kutentha kwanzeru komanso kubzala zamakono zamakono.Imatengera fupa lachitsulo lachitsulo ndipo limakutidwa ndi ma solar photovoltaic modules kuti zitsimikizire zofunikira za kuwala kwa ma modules opangira mphamvu ya photovoltaic ndi zofunikira zowunikira za wowonjezera kutentha.The panopa mwachindunji kwaiye mphamvu dzuwa mwachindunji zowonjezera kuwala kwa greenhouses ulimi, mwachindunji amathandiza yachibadwa ntchito ya wowonjezera kutentha zida, amayendetsa ulimi wothirira madzi, kumawonjezera wowonjezera kutentha kutentha ndi kulimbikitsa kukula mofulumira mbewu.Ma module a Photovoltaic motere adzakhudza kuyatsa kwa denga la wowonjezera kutentha, ndiyeno kukhudza kukula kwabwino kwa masamba owonjezera.Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe omveka a mapanelo a photovoltaic padenga la wowonjezera kutentha amakhala mfundo yofunika kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito.Agricultural wowonjezera kutentha ndi chopangidwa ndi kuphatikiza kwachilengedwe kwaulimi wowona malo ndi malo olima dimba, ndipo ndi makampani opanga zaulimi omwe amaphatikiza magetsi opangira magetsi a photovoltaic, kuwona zaulimi, zokolola zaulimi, ukadaulo waulimi, mawonekedwe ndi chitukuko cha chikhalidwe.

Mapangidwe apamwamba a gulu la wowonjezera kutentha ndi kuyanjana kwamphamvu pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya greenhouses

Guo Wenzhong, wofufuza pa Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, amagwiritsa ntchito njira yotenthetsera ya kutengerapo mphamvu pakati pa greenhouses kuti asonkhanitse mphamvu yotsala ya kutentha mu greenhouses imodzi kapena zingapo kutenthetsa nyumba zina kapena zambiri.Njira yotenthetserayi imazindikira kusamutsidwa kwamphamvu ya wowonjezera kutentha mu nthawi ndi danga, kumapangitsanso mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zotsalira za kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha, ndikuchepetsa kuwononga mphamvu zonse.Mitundu iwiri ya greenhouses ikhoza kukhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya wowonjezera kutentha kapena wowonjezera kutentha womwewo wobzala mbewu zosiyanasiyana, monga letesi ndi ma greenhouses a phwetekere.Njira zosonkhanitsira kutentha kumaphatikizapo kutulutsa kutentha kwa mpweya m'nyumba ndikuchotsa mwachindunji ma radiation.Kupyolera mu kusonkhanitsa mphamvu ya dzuwa, kukakamiza kusuntha ndi kutentha kwa kutentha ndi kukakamiza kutulutsa ndi pampu ya kutentha, kutentha kowonjezereka mu wowonjezera kutentha kwamphamvu kunatulutsidwa kuti kutenthetsa wowonjezera kutentha.

fotokoza mwachidule

Malo obiriwira atsopano a dzuwawa ali ndi ubwino wosonkhana mwamsanga, kufupikitsa nthawi yomanga ndi kupititsa patsogolo kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka nthaka.Choncho, m'pofunika kuti mupitirize kufufuza momwe ma greenhouses atsopanowa akuyendera m'madera osiyanasiyana, ndikupereka mwayi wodziwika bwino komanso kugwiritsa ntchito greenhouses zatsopano.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, m'pofunika kulimbikitsa nthawi zonse kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zatsopano ndi zipangizo zatsopano mu greenhouses, kuti apereke mphamvu kwa kusintha kwa greenhouses.

Chiyembekezo cham'tsogolo ndi kuganiza

Mitengo yobiriwira yachikhalidwe nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zovuta zina, monga kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka pang'onopang'ono, kuwononga nthawi komanso kuwononga, kusagwira bwino ntchito, etc., zomwe sizingathenso kukwaniritsa zofunikira za ulimi wamakono, ndipo ziyenera kukhala pang'onopang'ono. kuthetsedwa.Choncho, ndi chitukuko chogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zatsopano monga mphamvu ya dzuwa, mphamvu ya biomass, mphamvu ya geothermal ndi mphepo, zipangizo zatsopano zogwiritsira ntchito greenhouses ndi mapangidwe atsopano kulimbikitsa kusintha kwa greenhouses.Choyamba, wowonjezera kutentha watsopano woyendetsedwa ndi mphamvu zatsopano ndi zipangizo zatsopano sayenera kungokwaniritsa zofunikira zamakina, komanso kupulumutsa mphamvu, nthaka ndi mtengo.Kachiwiri, ndikofunikira kufufuza nthawi zonse momwe ma greenhouses atsopano amagwirira ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuti apereke mikhalidwe yodziwika bwino ya greenhouses.M'tsogolomu, tiyenera kufunafuna mphamvu zatsopano ndi zipangizo zatsopano zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito wowonjezera kutentha, ndikupeza kuphatikiza kwabwino kwa mphamvu zatsopano, zipangizo zatsopano ndi wowonjezera kutentha, kuti athe kumanga nyumba yotentha yatsopano yotsika mtengo, yomanga yochepa. Nthawi, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri, zimathandizira kusintha kwa wowonjezera kutentha ndikulimbikitsa kukula kwamakono kwa greenhouses ku China.

Ngakhale kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zatsopano, zipangizo zatsopano ndi mapangidwe atsopano pomanga nyumba yotenthetsera kutentha ndi njira yosapeŵeka, pali mavuto ambiri amene ayenera kufufuzidwa ndi kuwathetsa: (1) Mtengo wa zomangamanga ukuwonjezeka.Poyerekeza ndi Kutentha kwachikhalidwe ndi malasha, gasi kapena mafuta, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zatsopano ndi zida zatsopano ndizokometsera zachilengedwe komanso zopanda kuipitsidwa, koma mtengo womanga umachulukirachulukira, womwe umakhudzanso kubweza ndalama zopanga ndi ntchito. .Poyerekeza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, mtengo wa zipangizo zatsopano udzawonjezeka kwambiri.(2) Kugwiritsa ntchito kosakhazikika kwa mphamvu ya kutentha.Ubwino waukulu wogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zatsopano ndizotsika mtengo komanso kutsika kwa mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide, koma kuperekedwa kwa mphamvu ndi kutentha sikukhazikika, ndipo masiku amtambo amakhala chinthu chachikulu cholepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za dzuwa.M'kati mwa biomass kutentha kupanga ndi nayonso mphamvu, kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mphamvu kameneka kamakhala kochepa ndi mavuto a mphamvu ya kutentha kwa fermentation yochepa, kasamalidwe ndi kulamulira kovuta, ndi malo akuluakulu osungiramo zinthu zopangira katundu.(3) Kukhwima kwaukadaulo.Ukadaulo wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mphamvu zatsopano ndi zida zatsopano ndizofufuza zapamwamba komanso zopambana zaukadaulo, ndipo malo omwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso kuchuluka kwake akadali ochepa.Sanadutsepo nthawi zambiri, masamba ambiri ndi kutsimikizira kwakukulu koyeserera, ndipo mosakayikira pali zofooka zina ndi zaukadaulo zomwe ziyenera kukonzedwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito.Ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri amakana kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo chifukwa cha zofooka zazing'ono.(4) Kulowetsedwa kwaukadaulo ndikotsika.Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwakukulu kwa kupambana kwa sayansi ndi luso lamakono kumafuna kutchuka kwina.Pakali pano, mphamvu zatsopano, umisiri watsopano ndi luso latsopano wowonjezera kutentha kapangidwe ndi zonse mu gulu la malo kafukufuku sayansi m'mayunivesite ndi luso linalake, ndipo ambiri amafuna luso kapena okonza sadziwa;Nthawi yomweyo, kutchuka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje atsopano akadali ochepa chifukwa zida zazikulu zamaukadaulo atsopano ndizovomerezeka.(5) Kuphatikizika kwa mphamvu zatsopano, zida zatsopano ndi kapangidwe kanyumba kowonjezera kutentha kuyenera kulimbikitsidwa kwambiri.Chifukwa mphamvu, zipangizo ndi kapangidwe ka wowonjezera kutentha ndi m'magulu atatu osiyana, talente ndi wowonjezera kutentha zinachitikira nthawi zambiri alibe kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi wowonjezera kutentha mphamvu ndi zipangizo, ndi mosemphanitsa;Choncho, ofufuza okhudzana ndi kafukufuku wamagetsi ndi zipangizo ayenera kulimbikitsa kufufuza ndi kumvetsetsa zosowa zenizeni za chitukuko cha mafakitale owonjezera kutentha, ndipo opanga zomangamanga ayeneranso kuphunzira zipangizo zatsopano ndi mphamvu zatsopano kuti apititse patsogolo kusakanikirana kwakukulu kwa maubwenzi atatuwa, kuti akwaniritse. cholinga chaukadaulo wogwiritsa ntchito wowonjezera kutentha, mtengo wotsika womanga komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino.Kutengera ndi zovuta zomwe tazitchulazi, akuti boma, maboma ang'onoang'ono ndi malo ofufuza zasayansi alimbikitse kafukufuku waukadaulo, kuchita kafukufuku wozama mozama, kulimbitsa kulengeza kwa zomwe zachitika pazasayansi ndiukadaulo, kupititsa patsogolo kufala kwa zomwe akwaniritsa, ndikuzindikira mwachangu cholinga cha mphamvu zatsopano ndi zipangizo zatsopano zothandizira chitukuko chatsopano cha makampani owonjezera kutentha.

Zomwe zatchulidwa

Li Jianming, Sun Guotao, Li Haojie, Li Rui, Hu Yixin.Mphamvu zatsopano, zida zatsopano ndi mapangidwe atsopano amathandizira kusintha kwatsopano kwa greenhouse [J].Zamasamba, 2022, (10):1-8.