Chidule:Kupanga nzeru za ulimi wamakono wa malo osungiramo zinthu kumadalira kwambiri njira yogwirira ntchito ndi yosamalira. Kupanga nzeru za dongosolo logwirira ntchito ndi yosamalira zinthu kumakhudzana mwachindunji ndi kugwira ntchito bwino kwa ntchito yotenthetsera kutentha, komanso kumayimira kusintha kwa ulimi wa malo osungiramo zinthu, komwe kuli ndi phindu lofalitsa zinthu komanso chitukuko chakuya. Pepalali likuwonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito njira yanzeru yogwirira ntchito ndi yosamalira zinthu m'malo osungiramo zinthu ku Qingdao, kusanthula momwe imagwiritsidwira ntchito, ndikuwunikira kufunika kwa njira yofalitsira zinthu, kuti ipereke chidziwitso kwa akatswiri oyenerera ndikukulitsa maphunziro owonjezera a machitidwe okhudzana nawo, motero kukonza luso ndi nzeru za ulimi wa malo osungiramo zinthu.

Mawu Ofunika: Njira Yanzeru Yogwirira Ntchito ndi Kukonza; Ulimi wa Malo; Kugwiritsa Ntchito

Chifukwa cha chitukuko chachangu cha China, njira zachikhalidwe zopangira ulimi sizinathe kukwaniritsa zosowa za anthu pazabwino ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zaulimi. Ulimi wamakono wa malo osungiramo zinthu, wodziwika ndi zokolola zambiri, magwiridwe antchito, komanso khalidwe labwino kwambiri, wakula mofulumira m'zaka zaposachedwa, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuthekera kwakukulu pamsika. Komabe, poyerekeza ndi mayiko otukuka alimi kapena madera padziko lonse lapansi, mulingo waukadaulo wa ulimi wa malo osungiramo zinthu ku China ukucheperachepera kwambiri, makamaka pakugwiritsa ntchito njira zanzeru zogwirira ntchito ndi kukonza ulimi monga masensa a zaulimi ndi ubongo wa makina, komwe kusintha kwa digito kumafunika kusintha mwachangu.

1. Njira Yanzeru Yogwirira Ntchito ndi Kusamalira Zaulimi

1.1 Tanthauzo la Dongosolo

Dongosolo lanzeru loyendetsera ntchito ndi kukonza ulimi ndi ukadaulo watsopano womwe umagwirizanitsa kwambiri ukadaulo wa IoT, ukadaulo wanzeru wowongolera, ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zaulimi monga kubzala, kusunga, kukonza, mayendedwe, kutsata, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito. Kudzera mu kuphatikiza kwa "system+hardware", dongosolo lanzeru loyendetsera ntchito ndi kukonza ulimi limagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wofunikira wa Internet of Things, monga ukadaulo wozindikira, ukadaulo wotumizira, ukadaulo wokonza ndi ukadaulo wamba, kuti athetse mavuto ambiri ogwirizana monga kuzindikira munthu payekha paulimi, kuzindikira momwe zinthu zilili, kulumikizana kwa zida zosiyanasiyana, kukonza deta yosiyana siyana, kupeza chidziwitso ndi kuthandizira zisankho.

1.2 Njira Yaukadaulo

Kawirikawiri, kapangidwe ka kayendetsedwe ka ulimi kamakhala ndi malingaliro, maukonde, ndi nsanja. Pachifukwa ichi, mabizinesi amatha kukulitsa magawo omveka bwino malinga ndi mitundu yaulimi ndi zosowa za bizinesi. Kapangidwe ka kayendetsedwe ka ntchito ndi kukonza zaulimi mwanzeru kakuwonetsedwa pa Chithunzi 1.

Pofuna kukwaniritsa zosowa zaukadaulo zogwirira ntchito ndi kukonza malo olima, masensa monga sensa ya kutentha ndi chinyezi, sensa ya carbon dioxide, sensa yowunikira, sensa yamagetsi, sensa yamadzi, sensa ya carbon dioxide, sensa ya mpweya wachilengedwe, sensa ya kuthamanga kwa thupi, sensa ya EC ndi sensa ya pH zitha kusinthidwa, ndipo mabizinesi omwe akufuna kwambiri amatha kufufuza ndikupanga masensa, ndikupeza njira yotumizira deta kuti atsimikizire kutumiza ndi kusonkhanitsa deta mokhazikika.

1.3 Kufunika kwa Chitukuko

Dongosolo lanzeru logwirira ntchito ndi kukonza limagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wanzeru wozindikira, ukadaulo wotumizira mauthenga ndi ukadaulo wanzeru wokonza zinthu kudzera pa intaneti ya Zinthu zaulimi kuti liziyang'anira nthawi yeniyeni komanso kuwongolera kutali maulalo onse a ntchito zaulimi, kulimbikitsa chidziwitso chanzeru cha ulimi, kasamalidwe ndi zisankho zanzeru, ndikuzindikira magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, kukulitsa, kukula, ndi kukhazikika kwa ulimi. Pomaliza, kulumikizana kolunjika kwa maulalo onse pakupanga mbewu ndi kulumikizana kolunjika kwa maulalo onse mu unyolo wonse wamakampani azaulimi kudzakwaniritsidwa. Pangani chilengedwe chozungulira chachuma ndi njira yaukadaulo wobzala, nsanja yaubongo yaulimi, chitetezo cha chakudya chaulimi, nsanja yogulitsa zinthu zaulimi, njira yatsopano yazachuma yogulira zinthu zaulimi, zokopa alendo zaulimi komanso kubzala ndi kuswana kowonjezera (Chithunzi 2).

 

2.Kuyang'anira chidziwitso cha kuphatikiza madzi ndi feteleza

2.1 Mfundo Yaikulu ya Dongosolo

Dongosololi limapereka mayankho oipa ku dongosolo la madzi ndi feteleza mwa kuzindikira kuchuluka kwa madzi, EC, pH ndi zina zomwe zili mu matrix ya coconut bran, zomwe zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri potsogolera kuthirira molondola. Malinga ndi makhalidwe a malo osiyanasiyana obzala, kudzera mu kusanthula ndi kufufuza makhalidwe a matrix ndi kapangidwe kake, kuti apange chitsanzo cha kuthirira cha nthawi yeniyeni, chitsanzo cha kuthirira chapamwamba ndi chotsika cha malo osungira madzi a matrix; dongosolo lopeza chidziwitso chophatikizidwa cha madzi ndi feteleza lingathe kuwongolera chitsanzo cha kuthirira, kukonza ndi kubwerezabwereza kumatha kuchitika mosalekeza pakupanga ndi kukonza.

2.2 Kapangidwe ka Dongosolo

Dongosololi limapangidwa ndi chipangizo chosonkhanitsira madzi, chipangizo chosonkhanitsira madzi, chipangizo chowunikira nthawi yeniyeni ndi gawo lolumikizirana, pomwe chipangizo chosonkhanitsira madzi chimakhala ndi sensa ya pH, sensa ya EC, pampu yamadzi, choyezera madzi ndi zina; ndipo chipangizo chosonkhanitsira madzi chimakhala ndi sensa yokakamiza, sensa ya pH, sensa ya EC ndi zina; Chipangizo chowunikira nthawi yeniyeni chimakhala ndi thireyi yosonkhanitsira madzi, chophimba chosinthira madzi, sensa yokakamiza, sensa ya pH, sensa ya EC, sensa yotenthetsera ndi chinyezi ndi zina. Gawo lolumikizirana limaphatikizapo ma module awiri a LoRa, limodzi mchipinda chowongolera chapakati ndi lina mchipinda chobiriwira (Chithunzi 3). Kulumikizana kwa waya kuli pakati pa kompyuta ndi gawo lolumikizirana lomwe lili mchipinda chowongolera chapakati, kulumikizana kwa waya kuli pakati pa gawo lolumikizirana lomwe lili mchipinda chowongolera chapakati ndi gawo lolumikizirana lomwe lili mchipinda chobiriwira, ndipo kulumikizana kwa waya kuli pakati pa gawo lolumikizirana mu chipinda chobiriwira ndi relay, gawo lozindikira madzi ndi gawo lozindikira madzi (Chithunzi 4).

2.3 Zotsatira za Kugwiritsa Ntchito

Zotsatira za kuthirira pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ndi feteleza zomwe zimathandizidwa ndi njira yowunikirayi zikuyerekezeredwa ndi za njira yothirira yoperekedwa ndi ogulitsa okha. Poyerekeza ndi yomalizayi, kuthirira kwapakati pa chomera chilichonse cha phwetekere pogwiritsa ntchito njira yowunikirayi kumachepetsedwa ndi 8.7% patsiku, ndipo kuchuluka kwa madzi obweza kumachepetsedwa ndi 18%, ndipo mtengo wa EC wa madzi obweza ndi womwewo, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti njira yowonjezera ya michere imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mbewu pamene njira yowunikirayi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pothirira motsatira lamulo la kuyamwa kwa michere ndi mbewu. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yanzeru yothirirayi kungachepetse kuchuluka kwa kuthirira ndi 29% ndipo kubweza kwa madzi ndi 53% pa ​​avareji poyerekeza ndi kuthirira kwa nthawi yeniyeni (Chithunzi 5 ~ 6).

 

3. Dongosolo Lowongolera Zachilengedwe Lochokera ku IoT

Poyang'anizana ndi kufunika kolamulira molondola ma node akuluakulu a dynamic spectral m'mafakitale a zomera, ukadaulo wa fusion Internet of Things wayambitsidwa kuti uthetse mavuto a kupeza ma node akuluakulu komanso osiyanasiyana komanso kuwongolera molondola malo owala a chomera. Dongosolo lanzeru lowongolera kuwala m'fakitale ya zomera limatenga zida zanzeru za LED ngati chonyamulira, ndikugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa WF-IOT big data fusion Internet of Things kuti apange netiweki yayikulu yothandizira kupeza, kutumiza ndi kuwongolera deta. Dongosololi likhoza kugawidwa momasuka malinga ndi zofunikira pakupanga, ndipo mphamvu ya kuwala kwa zida za zomera ikhoza kusinthidwa nthawi zonse malinga ndi mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana ya kuwala ndi zosowa za kukula kwa zomera, kuti athe kuwongolera molondola mphamvu ya kuwala kowonjezera ndi kuchuluka kwa kuwala kowonjezera (Chithunzi 7). Kudzera mu netiweki ya peripheral, kusonkhanitsa ndi kutumiza deta yozindikira monga chilengedwe ndi kuwunikira kumatha kuchitika, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, kuyang'anira pa intaneti kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kumatha kuchitika, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwa kuwala kowonjezera m'dera lililonse lokulira kumatha kumvedwa nthawi yeniyeni.

Dongosololi limakwaniritsa kasamalidwe kabwino ka zomera mwa kusonkhanitsa deta ya kayendetsedwe ka mkati ndi kunja kwa greenhouse, ndikumaliza kupanga "chitsanzo cha kasamalidwe ka zomera". Kudzera mu masensa a mphamvu, CO2, gasi wachilengedwe ndi madzi, kusonkhanitsa deta yowunikira ya "dongosolo la mphamvu" kumachitika. Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa masomphenya a loboti, kudzera mu deta ya mtundu wa zipatso, nambala ya zipatso, kukula kwa tsinde la zipatso, masamba, tsinde ndi zina zotero, njira yonse yopezera deta ya kukula kwa mbewu imayang'aniridwa ndikuzindikirika (Chithunzi 8).

4.Mtengo Wotsatsira

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito bwino ulimi, pogwiritsa ntchito ubwino wa nsanja ya intaneti ya mafakitale, ndalama imodzi, kugwiritsa ntchito mautumiki ambiri, pogwiritsa ntchito lingaliro logawana la intaneti ya mafakitale, kumalimbikitsa kumanga intaneti ya Zinthu mu ulimi wa malo pamtengo wotsika komanso wogwira ntchito bwino, ndikukweza mulingo wanzeru komanso wobiriwira wa ulimi wa malo. Potengera pulojekiti yogwiritsa ntchito njira iyi ku Laixi City, Qingdao mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa feteleza komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kumatha kufika pa 90%, komwe ndi katatu kuposa kulima kwachikhalidwe kwa nthaka. Palibe kutulutsa zinyalala munjira yonseyi, zomwe zimasunga madzi 95% poyerekeza ndi kulima m'munda ndikuchepetsa kuipitsidwa kwa feteleza kupita kunthaka. Kudzera mu njira iyi yopezera CO2 mu greenhouse, zinthu zachilengedwe monga kutentha ndi kuunikira mkati ndi kunja kwa greenhouse zimawunikidwa mokwanira, ndipo kupezeka kwa CO2 kumayendetsedwa nthawi yeniyeni, zomwe sizimangokwaniritsa zosowa za zomera, komanso zimapewa kuwononga, zimalimbitsa photosynthesis ya mbewu, zimathandizira kusonkhanitsa chakudya, zimawonjezera zokolola pagawo lililonse ndikukweza mtundu wa ndiwo zamasamba. Dongosolo lonse loyendetsera ntchito ndi kukonza lakwaniritsa magwiridwe antchito okhazikika a malo owongolera kutentha, magwiridwe antchito okhazikika komanso olondola a zida zogwiritsira ntchito nyengo yonse, kuchepetsa mtengo wamagetsi ndi 10% ndi mtengo wogwiritsira ntchito pamanja ndi 60%, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, limatha kuchitapo kanthu poteteza monga kutseka zenera nthawi yoyamba motsutsana ndi nyengo yoipa monga mphepo yamphamvu, mvula ndi chipale chofewa, kupewa kutayika kwa kutentha kokha ndi mbewu mu greenhouse pakagwa nyengo yoipa mwadzidzidzi.

5.Mapeto

Kukula kwamakono kwa ulimi wa malo sikungasiyanitsidwe ndi dalitso la dongosolo la kasamalidwe ka anzeru a zaulimi. Dongosolo lokhalo loyang'anira lomwe lili ndi luso lozindikira, kusanthula ndi kupanga zisankho ndi lomwe lingathe kupitilizabe patsogolo pa njira yamakono. Dongosolo la kasamalidwe ka anzeru a zaulimi limachepetsa kwambiri zofooka za kasamalidwe kochita kupanga ndipo limalimbikitsa chidziwitso chanzeru cha kupanga ulimi, kasamalidwe ndi zisankho zanzeru. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zopereka ndi kupititsa patsogolo nthawi zonse kwa zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito dongosololi, chitsanzo chake cha deta chiyenera kusinthidwa ndikubwerezedwa nthawi zonse kutengera deta yambiri, kukhala anzeru kwambiri, ndikukweza mokwanira mulingo wanzeru wa ulimi wamakono wa malo.

TSIRIZA

[chidziwitso cha mawu]

Wolemba woyambirira Sha Bifeng, Zhang Zheng, ndi ena. Greenhouse Horticulture Agricultural Engineering Technology Epulo 19, 2024 10:47 Beijing